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asp.net mvc webapi 实用的接口加密方法

2018-06-22 06:16:04来源：未知阅读 ()

在很多项目中，因为webapi是对外开放的，这个时候，我们就要得考虑接口交换数据的安全性。

安全机制也比较多，如andriod与webapi 交换数据的时候，可以走双向证书方法，但是开发成本比较大，

今天我们不打算介绍这方面的知识，我们说说一个较简单也较常见的安全交换机制

在这里要提醒读者，目前所有的加密机制都不是绝对的安全！

我们的目标是，任何用户或者软件获取到我们的webapi接口url后用来再次访问该地址都是无效的！

达到这种目标的话，我们必须要在url中增加一个时间戳，但是仅仅如此还是不够，用户可以修改我们的时间戳！

因此我们可以对时间戳 进行MD5加密，但是这样依然不够，用户可以直接对我们的时间戳md5的哦，因些需要引入一个绝对安全

的双方约定的key，并同时加入其它参数进行混淆！

注意：这个key要在app里和我们的webapi里各保存相同的一份！

于是我们约定公式：加密结果=md5(时间戳+随机数+key+post或者get的参数)

下面我们开始通过上述公式写代码：

于由我的环境是asp.net mvc 的，所以重写一个加密类ApiSecurityFilter

1、获取参数

if (request.Headers.Contains("timestamp"))
                timestamp = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault());

            if (request.Headers.Contains("nonce"))
                nonce = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault());

            if (request.Headers.Contains("signature"))
                signature = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault());

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))
                throw new SecurityException();

2、判断时间戳是否超过指定时间

   double ts = 0;
            bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts);

            bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000;

            if (falg || (!timespanvalidate))
                throw new SecurityException();

3、POST/DELETE/UPDATE 三种方式提取参数

  case "POST":
                case "PUT":
                case "DELETE":

                    Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream;
                    StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream);
                    sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(new JsonTextReader(streamReader)));

                    break;

4、GET 方式提取参数

case "GET":

                    IDictionary<string, string> parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>();

                    foreach (string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString)
                    {
                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
                        {
                            parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]);
                        }
                    }

                    sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(parameters);

                    break;

5、排序上述参数并拼接，形成我们要参与md5的约定公式中的第四个参数

            StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder();

            if (sortedParams != null)
            {
                foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key))
                {
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key))
                    {
                        query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value);
                    }
                }

                data = query.ToString().Replace(" ", "");
            }

6、开始约定公式计算结果并对比传过的结果是否一致

   var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5(string.Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32);

            if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature))
                throw new SecurityException();

完整的代码如下：

 1 public class ApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
 2     {
 3         public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
 4         {
 5             var request = actionContext.Request;
 6 
 7             var method = request.Method.Method;
 8             var staffId = "^***********************************$";
 9 
10             string timestamp = string.Empty, nonce = string.Empty, signature = string.Empty;
11 
12             if (request.Headers.Contains("timestamp"))
13                 timestamp = request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault();
14 
15             if (request.Headers.Contains("nonce"))
16                 nonce = request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault();
17 
18             if (request.Headers.Contains("signature"))
19                 signature = request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault();
20 
21             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))
22                 throw new SecurityException();
23 
24             double ts = 0;
25             bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts);
26 
27             bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000;
28 
29             if (falg || (!timespanvalidate))
30                 throw new SecurityException("timeSpanValidate");
31 
32             var data = string.Empty;
33             IDictionary<string, string> sortedParams = null;
34 
35             switch (method.ToUpper())
36             {
37                 case "POST":
38                 case "PUT":
39                 case "DELETE":
40 
41                     Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream;
42                     StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream);
43                     sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(new JsonTextReader(streamReader)));
44 
45                     break;
46                     
47                 case "GET":
48 
49                     IDictionary<string, string> parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>();
50 
51                     foreach (string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString)
52                     {
53                         if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
54                         {
55                             parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]);
56                         }
57                     }
58 
59                     sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(parameters);
60 
61                     break;
62 
63                 default:
64                     throw new SecurityException("defaultOptions");
65             }
66 
67             StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder();
68 
69             if (sortedParams != null)
70             {
71                 foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key))
72                 {
73                     if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key))
74                     {
75                         query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value);
76                     }
77                 }
78 
79                 data = query.ToString().Replace(" ", "");
80             }
81         
82             var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5(string.Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32);
83 
84             if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature))
85                 throw new SecurityException("md5Staff");
86 
87             base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
88         }
89 
90         public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext)
91         {
92             base.OnActionExecuted(actionExecutedContext);
93         }
94     }

7、最后在asp.net mvc 里加入配置上述类

 public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            // Web API configuration and services
            config.Filters.Add(new ApiSecurityFilter());

            config.Filters.Add(new ApiHandleErrorAttribute());

            // Web API routes
            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }

8、添加写入日志类（此类不是本文重点，详细参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/laogu2/p/5912153.html）

  public class ApiHandleErrorAttribute: ExceptionFilterAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// add by laiyunba 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext">context oop</param>
        public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            LoggerFactory.CreateLog().LogError(Messages.error_unmanagederror, filterContext.Exception);
        }
    }

9、利用微信小程序测试接口

 var data = {
        UserName: username,
        Password: password,
        Action: 'Mobile',
        Sms: ''
      };

      var timestamp = util.gettimestamp();
      var nonce = util.getnonce();

      if (username && password) {
        wx.request({
          url: rootUrl + '/api/login',
          method: "POST",
          data: data,
          header: {
            'content-type': 'application/json',
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'nonce': nonce,
            'signature': util.getMD5Staff(data, timestamp, nonce)
          },
          success: function (res) {
            if (res.data) {


1）其中getMD5Staff函数：

function getMD5Staff(queryData, timestamp, nonce) {

  var staffId = getstaffId();//保存的key与webapi同步
  var data = dictionaryOrderWithData(queryData);
  return md5.md5(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data);
}

2）dictionaryOrderWithData函数：

function dictionaryOrderWithData(dic) {
  //eg {x:2，y:3，z:1}
  var result = "";
  var sdic = Object.keys(dic).sort(function (a, b) { return a.localeCompare(b) });
  var value = "";

  for (var ki in sdic) {
    if (dic[sdic[ki]] == null) {
      value = ""
    }
    else {
      value = dic[sdic[ki]];
    }
    result += sdic[ki] + value;
  }

  return result.replace(/\s/g, "");
}

10、测试日志

LaiyunbaApp Error: 2 : 2017-10-18 09:15:25    Unmanaged error in aplication, the exception information is Exception:System.Security.SecurityException: 安全性错误。
   在 DistributedServices.MainBoundedContext.FilterAttribute.ApiSecurityFilter.OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.OnActionExecutingAsync(HttpActionContext actionContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
--- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 ---
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteActionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext()
--- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 ---
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__2.MoveNext()
--- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 ---
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext()
失败的程序集的区域是:
MyComputer
LogicalOperationStack=2017-10-18 09:15:25    
2017-10-18 09:15:25    DateTime=2017-10-18T01:15:25.1000017Z
2017-10-18 09:15:25    Callstack=   在 System.Environment.GetStackTrace(Exception e, Boolean needFileInfo)
   在 System.Environment.get_StackTrace()
   在 System.Diagnostics.TraceEventCache.get_Callstack()
   在 System.Diagnostics.TraceListener.WriteFooter(TraceEventCache eventCache)
   在 System.Diagnostics.TraceSource.TraceEvent(TraceEventType eventType, Int32 id, String message)
   在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.TraceInternal(TraceEventType eventType, String message)
   在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.LogError(String message, Exception exception, Object[] args)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.OnExceptionAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext()
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.System.Web.Http.Filters.IExceptionFilter.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext()
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine)
   在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.ApiController.ExecuteAsync(HttpControllerContext controllerContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.<SendAsync>d__1.MoveNext()
   在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine)
   在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpRoutingDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)