MVC源码解析 - HttpRuntime解析

2018-06-22 06:08:23来源:未知 阅读 ()

新老客户大回馈,云服务器低至5折

先看一张图, 从这张图里, 能看到请求是如何从CLR进入HttpRuntime的.

一、AppManagerAppDomainFactory 

看到这张图是从 AppManagerAppDomainFactory 开始的, 按照汤姆大叔博文中所说, 是在CLR初始化加载的时候, 来加载这个类的. 那么来看一下这个类吧.

使用Reflector反编译搜索AppManagerAppDomainFactory 类, 可以看到(由于这个类并不多, 那么我先贴一个完整的出来吧):

[SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
public sealed class AppManagerAppDomainFactory : IAppManagerAppDomainFactory
{
    // Fields
    private ApplicationManager _appManager = ApplicationManager.GetApplicationManager();

    // Methods
    public AppManagerAppDomainFactory()
    {
        this._appManager.Open();
    }

    internal static string ConstructSimpleAppName(string virtPath)
    {
        if (virtPath.Length > 1)
        {
            return virtPath.Substring(1).ToLower(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Replace('/', '_');
        }
        if (!BuildManagerHost.InClientBuildManager && HostingEnvironment.IsDevelopmentEnvironment)
        {
            return "vs";
        }
        return "root";
    }

    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)]
    public object Create(string appId, string appPath)
    {
        object obj2;
        try
        {
            if (appPath[0] == '.')
            {
                FileInfo info = new FileInfo(appPath);
                appPath = info.FullName;
            }
            if (!StringUtil.StringEndsWith(appPath, '\\'))
            {
                appPath = appPath + @"\";
            }
            ISAPIApplicationHost appHost = new ISAPIApplicationHost(appId, appPath, false);
            ISAPIRuntime o = (ISAPIRuntime) this._appManager.CreateObjectInternal(appId, typeof(ISAPIRuntime), appHost, false, null);
            o.StartProcessing();
            obj2 = new ObjectHandle(o);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            throw;
        }
        return obj2;
    }

    public void Stop()
    {
        this._appManager.Close();
    }
}

至于这里详细的解说, 推荐去 MVC之前的那些事儿 去瞧瞧, 这里并不是我想表述的重点, 就不介绍了. 

只要知道, 按照大叔的说法, 这里, 在CreateObjectInternal方法中, 创建了AppDomain, 创建了HostingEnvironment等一些列操作.

后续所有的比如HttpRuntime, HttpContext等, 都是依托于这个AppDomain. 

 

二、主题

经过各种我不知道的内部处理, 非托管代码开始正式调用 ISAPIRuntime 的 ProcessRequest(后面简称为PR方法)了.

(ISPAIRuntime继承了IISPAIRuntime接口,该接口可以和COM进行交互,并且暴露了ProcessRequest接口方法)

不要问我为什么会调用PR方法, 因为我也不知道, 但是真的是这个方法. 

public sealed class ISAPIRuntime : MarshalByRefObject, IISAPIRuntime, IISAPIRuntime2, IRegisteredObject
{
    // Fields
    private static int _isThisAppDomainRemovedFromUnmanagedTable;
    private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_IN_PROC = 0;
    private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_IN_PROC_VERSION_2 = 2;
    private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_OOP = 1;

    // Methods
    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public ISAPIRuntime();
    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public void DoGCCollect();
    public override object InitializeLifetimeService();
    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public int ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType);
    internal static void RemoveThisAppDomainFromUnmanagedTable();
    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public void StartProcessing();
    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public void StopProcessing();
    [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
    void IISAPIRuntime2.DoGCCollect();
    [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
    int IISAPIRuntime2.ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType);
    [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
    void IISAPIRuntime2.StartProcessing();
    [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
    void IISAPIRuntime2.StopProcessing();
    void IRegisteredObject.Stop(bool immediate);
}

这里有个方法, 看名字就觉得好熟悉, 好吧, 点进去看一下:

GC 一个叫垃圾回收的东东, 好熟悉的名字. OK, 这不是重点, 接下来继续.

[SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
public int ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType)
{
    IntPtr zero = IntPtr.Zero;
    if (iWRType == 2)
    {
        zero = ecb;
        ecb = UnsafeNativeMethods.GetEcb(zero);
    }
    ISAPIWorkerRequest wr = null;
    try
    {
        bool useOOP = iWRType == 1;
        wr = ISAPIWorkerRequest.CreateWorkerRequest(ecb, useOOP);
        wr.Initialize();
        string appPathTranslated = wr.GetAppPathTranslated();
        string appDomainAppPathInternal = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPathInternal;
        if ((appDomainAppPathInternal == null) || StringUtil.EqualsIgnoreCase(appPathTranslated, appDomainAppPathInternal))
        {
            HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNoDemand(wr);
            return 0;
        }
        HttpRuntime.ShutdownAppDomain(ApplicationShutdownReason.PhysicalApplicationPathChanged, 
      SR.GetString(
"Hosting_Phys_Path_Changed",
      new object[] { appDomainAppPathInternal, appPathTranslated })); return 1; } catch (Exception exception) { try { WebBaseEvent.RaiseRuntimeError(exception, this); } catch { } if ((wr == null) || !(wr.Ecb == IntPtr.Zero)) { throw; } if (zero != IntPtr.Zero) { UnsafeNativeMethods.SetDoneWithSessionCalled(zero); } if (exception is ThreadAbortException) { Thread.ResetAbort(); } return 0; } }

第一个注意到的就是该方法的IntPtr类型的参数ecb,ecb是啥?ecb是一个非托管的指针,全称是Execution Control Block,在整个Http Request Processing过程中起着非常重要的作用,我们现在来简单介绍一个ECB。

 

非托管环境ISAPI对ISAPIRuntime的调用,需要传递一些必须的数据,比如ISAPIRuntime要获取Server Variable的数据,获取通过Post Mehod传回Server的数据;以及最终将Response的内容返回给非托管环境ISAPI,然后呈现给Client用户。一般地ISAPIRuntime不能直接调用ISAPI,所以这里就通过一个对象指针实现对其的调用,这个对象就是ECB,ECB实现了对非托管环境ISAPI的访问。

 

还有一点特别需要强调的是,ISAPI对ISAPIRutime的调用是异步的,也就是说ISAPI调用ISAPIRutime之后立即返回。这主要是出于Performance和Responsibility考虑的,因为ASP.NET Application天生就是一个多线程的应用,为了具有更好的响应能力,异步操作是最有效的解决方式。但是这里就会有一个问题,我们知道我们对ASP.NET 资源的调用本质上是一个Request/Response的Message Exchange Pattern,异步调用往往意味着ISAPI将Request传递给ISAPIRuntime,将不能得到ISAPIRuntime最终生成的Response,这显然是不能接受的。而ECB解决了这个问题,ISAPI在调用ISAPIRutime的ProcessRequest方法时会将自己对应的ECB的指针传给它,ISAPIRutime不但可以将最终生成的Response返回给ISAPI,还能通过ECB调用ISAPI获得一些所需的数据。

 1. CreateWorkerRequest

 这个方法还是要看一下的, 有收获哦.

internal static ISAPIWorkerRequest CreateWorkerRequest(IntPtr ecb, bool useOOP)
{
    if (useOOP)
    {
        EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.DOWNLEVEL, IntPtr.Zero);
        if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
        {
            EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_APPDOMAIN_ENTER, ecb, Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName, null, false);
        }
        return new ISAPIWorkerRequestOutOfProc(ecb);
    }
    int num = UnsafeNativeMethods.EcbGetVersion(ecb) >> 0x10;
    if (num >= 7)
    {
        EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.IIS7_ISAPI, ecb);
    }
    else
    {
        EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.DOWNLEVEL, IntPtr.Zero);
    }
    if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
    {
        EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_APPDOMAIN_ENTER, ecb, Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName, null, true);
    }
    if (num >= 7)
    {
        return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProcForIIS7(ecb);
    }
    if (num == 6)
    {
        return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProcForIIS6(ecb);
    }
    return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProc(ecb);
}

通过判断ecb和type类型的具体内容,来决定创建什么类型的WorkerRequest(上述类型的ISPAIWorkerRequest都继承于HttpWorkerRequest),上面的代码可以看出对不同版本的IIS进行了不同的包装,通过其Initialize方法来初始化一些基本的信息(比如:contentType, querystring的长度,filepath等相关信息)。

 

2. ProcessRequestNoDemand 

 这个方法, 是真正进入ASP.NET Runtime Pipeline的唯一入口, 传递的参数是上面屏蔽了差异化以后的WorkerRequest对象实例.来看一下这个方法

internal static void ProcessRequestNoDemand(HttpWorkerRequest wr)
{
    RequestQueue queue = _theRuntime._requestQueue;
    wr.UpdateInitialCounters();
    if (queue != null)
    {
        wr = queue.GetRequestToExecute(wr);
    }
    if (wr != null)
    {
        CalculateWaitTimeAndUpdatePerfCounter(wr);
        wr.ResetStartTime();
        ProcessRequestNow(wr);
    }
}

Ok, 接下来, 继续看, PRNow方法, 其实内部调用的是 HttpRuntime的 ProcessRequestInternal 方法.

private void ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr)
{
    Interlocked.Increment(ref this._activeRequestCount);
    if (this._disposingHttpRuntime)
    {
        try
        {
            wr.SendStatus(0x1f7, "Server Too Busy");
            wr.SendKnownResponseHeader(12, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
            byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("<html><body>Server Too Busy</body></html>");
            wr.SendResponseFromMemory(bytes, bytes.Length);
            wr.FlushResponse(true);
            wr.EndOfRequest();
        }
        finally
        {
            Interlocked.Decrement(ref this._activeRequestCount);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        HttpContext context;
        try
        {
            context = new HttpContext(wr, false);
        }
        catch
        {
            try
            {
                wr.SendStatus(400, "Bad Request");
                wr.SendKnownResponseHeader(12, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
                byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("<html><body>Bad Request</body></html>");
                wr.SendResponseFromMemory(data, data.Length);
                wr.FlushResponse(true);
                wr.EndOfRequest();
                return;
            }
            finally
            {
                Interlocked.Decrement(ref this._activeRequestCount);
            }
        }
        wr.SetEndOfSendNotification(this._asyncEndOfSendCallback, context);
        HostingEnvironment.IncrementBusyCount();
        try
        {
            try
            {
                this.EnsureFirstRequestInit(context);
            }
            catch
            {
                if (!context.Request.IsDebuggingRequest)
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
            context.Response.InitResponseWriter();
            IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);
            if (applicationInstance == null)
            {
                throw new HttpException(SR.GetString("Unable_create_app_object"));
            }
            if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
            {
                EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_START_HANDLER, context.WorkerRequest, 
            applicationInstance.GetType().FullName,
"Start"); } if (applicationInstance is IHttpAsyncHandler) //异步处理 { IHttpAsyncHandler handler2 = (IHttpAsyncHandler) applicationInstance; context.AsyncAppHandler = handler2; handler2.BeginProcessRequest(context, this._handlerCompletionCallback, context); } else //同步处理 { applicationInstance.ProcessRequest(context); this.FinishRequest(context.WorkerRequest, context, null); } } catch (Exception exception) { context.Response.InitResponseWriter(); this.FinishRequest(wr, context, exception); } } }

最让人开心的, 可能就是看到, 在这个方法中创建了 HttpContext 对象和 HttpApplication 对象.

接下来, 分别看一下这两个对象的创建.

1). HttpContext 

internal HttpContext(HttpWorkerRequest wr, bool initResponseWriter)
{
    this._timeoutStartTimeUtcTicks = -1L;
    this._timeoutTicks = -1L;
    this._threadAbortOnTimeout = true;
    this.ThreadContextId = new object();
    this._wr = wr;
    this.Init(new HttpRequest(wr, this), new HttpResponse(wr, this));
    if (initResponseWriter)
    {
        this._response.InitResponseWriter();
    }
    PerfCounters.IncrementCounter(AppPerfCounter.REQUESTS_EXECUTING);
}

我们又看到了2个惊喜的代码,HttpRequest和HttpResponse的实例化,通过对WorkerRequest和对HttpContext对象this参数的传递,将获取各自需要的信息

 

2). HttpApplication 

这个对象的创建, 是后面那句标红的部分. 

IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);

通过HttpApplicationFactory的GetApplicationInstance静态方法,获取我们熟悉的HttpApplication对象实例,由于HttpApplication对象是继承IHttpAsyncHandler,而IHttpAsyncHandler又继承于IHttpHandler,所以上面app的类型是IHttpHandler是没有错的。继续看后面的if (app is IHttpAsyncHandler)代码,就知道了app肯定走这里的分支,然后执行调用asyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest方法了。

 

至此,HttpRuntime已经正式发挥其无可替代的作用了,也正式通过此对象正式进入了HttpApplication对象的创建以及大家熟知的HttpApplication以后的生命周期了。

 

转载参考:

  MVC之前的那点事儿

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