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pyquery操作

2018-06-18 00:05:15来源：未知阅读 ()

　　pyquery和我们之前用的jQuery有着异曲同工之处，使用起来更加方便，基本能满足大部分时候我们的需求。

　　先引入一个小事例展示pyquery的操作：

html = '''
<div>
    <ul>
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
#引入pyquery
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
#对html进行解析
doc = pq(html)
#选择出li的标签
print(doc('li'))

#所以li标签都被抽取出来
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

　　pyquery可以直接解析url

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com')
print(doc('head'))

<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>????o|??????????? ?°±??￥é??</title></head>

　　也可以是文件格式的html

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(filename='demo.html')
print(doc('li'))

　　pyquery支持css基本选择器的使用，这点和bs4一样：

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
print(doc('#container .list li'))

<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

　　可以对解析出来的pyquery对象再次解析出子元素

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
print(type(items))类型都是pyquery的obj
print(items)
lis = items.find('li')#查找子元素
print(type(lis))
print(lis)

<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

find的结果

　　或者使用children方法获取所有子元素

lis = items.children()
print(type(lis))
print(lis)

<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

children方法

　　也可以使用children方法获取指定的子元素

lis = items.children('.active')
print(lis)

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

获取到指定的子元素

　　pyquery使用parent获取父元素

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
container = items.parent()
print(type(container))
print(container)

<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>

运行结果

　　同样的获取所有的父节点则使用parents方法

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
parents = items.parents()
print(type(parents))
print(parents)

<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div><div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>

运行结果

　　获取到指定的父节点

parent = items.parents('.wrap')
print(parent)

<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>

运行结果

　　使用siblings获取所有的兄弟元素

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings())

<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　同样可以获取指定的兄弟节点

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings('.active'))

<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　多个选择器得到某一个标签

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
#加空格就是自带选择器，不加就是and关系
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

　　迭代选择出的所有标签

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
lis = doc('li').items()#这是一个迭代器
print(type(lis))
for li in lis:
    print(li)

<class 'generator'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
             
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　选择到需要的标签往往不够，我们时常需要从标签中获取到属性。

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a')
print(a)#一个标签
print(a.attr('href'))#两种获取属性的方法
print(a.attr.href)

<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
link3.html
link3.html

运行结果

　　获取文本

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a')
print(a)
print(a.text())

<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
third item

运行结果

　　获取元素内的html

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
print(li.html())

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>

运行结果

　　pyquery进行dom操作

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
#移除某个类名
li.removeClass('active')
print(li)
#增加某个类名
li.addClass('active')
print(li)

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

运行结果

　　增加属性的两种方式

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
li.attr('name', 'link')
print(li)
li.css('font-size', '14px')
print(li)

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             
<li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

运行结果

　　使用remove移除整个标签

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    Hello, World
    <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
wrap = doc('.wrap')
print(wrap.text())
wrap.find('p').remove()
print(wrap.text())

Hello, World
This is a paragraph.
Hello, World

运行结果

　　最后就是伪类选择器

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('li:first-child')
print(li)
li = doc('li:last-child')
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:gt(2)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2n)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:contains(second)')
print(li)

<li class="item-0">first item</li>
             
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>