Python Web框架

2018-06-17 23:57:24来源:未知 阅读 ()

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本节对Python Web框架学习

一、MTV
Model: 存放所有数据库相关文件
Template:模板文件,存放html文件
View: 业务处理,即函数文件

二、MVC
model: 存放数据库相关文件
view: 存放所有的html文件
controler: 存放所有的函数文件

三、Django
Django基于MTV模式的web框架
1、下载安装

https://www.djangoproject.com/download/

2、创建项目
django-admin startproject django_p01
./django_p01
  /django_p01
    __init__.py
    settings.py
    urls.py
    wsgi.py
  /manage.py
3、启动项目

python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000

Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
December 18, 2017 - 22:42:56
Django version 1.8.17, using settings 'django_p01.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

4、访问项目

浏览器输入:127.0.0.1:8000显示以下内容表示项目启动成功

5、项目流程

django访问流程如图:

a.创建Django工程

django-admin  startproject  django_p01
./django_p01                        ##项目名称
    /django_p01                        ##和项目同名二级目录,用于整个程序配置
                __init__.py            ##
                settings.py            ##程序配置文件
                urls.py                ##URL对应关系配置文件
                wsgi.py                ##Socket内部创建,遵循一定wsgi规则,线上UWSGI+Nginx
    /manage.py                        ##Django程序管理(python manage.py /python manage.py startapp xx/python manage.py migrate/python manage.py makemigrations)
    
manage.py——>settings——>urls——>views
    

b.创建app

python manage.py startapp cmdb
    admin.py            ##后台管理界面
    migrations            ##记录数据库相关变更(DDL)
    models.py            ##数据库相关文件内容,数据库字典定义,ORM
    tests.py            ##单元测试
    views.py            ##函数内容,实际操作业务逻辑代码
    __init__.py
    apps.py                ##配置当前app

新加app,需要在settings加载app名称

INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'cmdb',
)

 

c.静态文件路径配置

配置文件:settings.py
STATICFILES_DIR=(
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)

d.模板路径配置

配置文件:settings.py
TEMPLATES = [
{
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
},
]

e.相关内容注释

配置文件:settings.py
注释CSRF
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

f.定义路由规则

需要在urls.py中导入相应应用模块(from cmdb import views),然后在urls.py中建立索引、函数对应关系

配置文件:urls.py
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^login/',views.login)
]

g.定义视图函数

配置文件:views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

def login(request):
if request.method=='POST':
user=request.POST['user']
password=request.POST['password']
if user=='tom' and password=='123456':
return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
else:
return render(request,'login.html')

##request.method有两种获取请求数据的方式:get/post
request.GET.get('',None)    ##获取请求发送来的数据
request.POST.get('',None)    ##获取请求发送来的数据
##返回请求数据的方式
return HttpResponse("字符串")
return    render(request,"HTML模板路径")
return    redirect("URL")    ##本地URL需要加/URL名称

h.模板渲染

函数内容:
return render(request,'login.html',{'username':"tom",list=[1,2,3]})
模板内容:
{{变量名}}
{{dict.k1}}
{% for row in user_list%}
xxx
{% endfor %}
{{% if true %}}
xxx
{{%    else %}}
xxx
{{ endif }}

6、其他说明

a.settings.py内容说明

"""
Django settings for django_p01 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.17.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os

##项目基目录
BASE_DIR
= os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! SECRET_KEY = '#(scd$4xhwyv35o37-ud)5+ctz_629-afv9u42==_n7f^+&#7^' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] # Application definition APP列表 INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'cmdb', ) MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', )
##URLS根目录

ROOT_URLCONF
= 'django_p01.urls'
##templates路径
TEMPLATES
= [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_p01.wsgi.application' # Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases
##数据源配置
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), } } # Internationalization # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/ ##静态文件路径,js/css等 STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIR=(
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)



b.urls.py内容说明

 主要配置函数、视图映射关系

"""django_p01 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views    ##需导入项目函数文件名称

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^login/',views.login)
]

c.views.py内容说明

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

def login(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        user=request.POST['user']
        password=request.POST['password']
        if user=='tom' and password=='123456':
            return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
        else:
            return render(request,'login.html')

 

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