CMM和过程改进的“妙语”集锦

个人从CMM文献中收集的一些有关CMM和过程改进的“妙语”，保留了英文原文，给出了译文。
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Watts Humphrey 在其著作《Managing Software Process》的卷首引用了下面两条谚语:
"If you don't know where you're going, any road will do."
"If you don't know where you are, a map won't help."

"如果你不知道你要向何处去,你可以选择任何一条道路。"
"如果你不知道自己所在何处，地图也沒有用处。"

两条谚语非常简洁的表达了软件过程评估的重要性——帮助你认识所处的位置，以及软件过程模型的重要性——帮助你找到前进的目标。

1 通用术语

The Process Management Principle: The quality of a product is largely governed by the quality of the process used to build it. The quality of a software product is largely governed by the quality of the software process used to develop and maintain it.
过程管理的基本原则：产品的质量在很大的程度上取决于生产过程的质量。软件产品的质量很大程度上取决于开发和维护软件的过程的质量。
The Crisis Principle: A mature organization does not abandon its process in a crisis.
危机原则：一家成熟的企业即使在危机时刻也不会放弃过程。
The Process Improvement Principle: Any process can be improved; continuous improvement is necessary to remain competitive.
过程改进原则：任何过程都有改进的可能，持续改进对于保持竞争力是必要的。
The Software Process Improvement Principle: The process to develop and maintain software can be defined, managed, measured, and continuously improved.
软件过程改进原则：软件的开发和维护过程能够被定义、管理、度量并持续改进。
Competence: The competence of the people who do the work is crucial to project performance and organizational success.
专业资质：工作人员是否胜任对于项目性能表现和组织成功极端重要。
Empowerment: A mature process empowers people to work effectively and efficiently.
授权：一个成熟的过程能够使人们更加高效工作。
Technology: The power of the tools used to do the work has a critical impact on the efficiency of the process, with a corresponding impact on competitive advantage.
技术：生产工具的效力对过程的效率有着关键的影响，也从而对竞争的领导地位有着相应的影响。
The Process Un-Supremacy Corollary: A mature process cannot overcome incompetent people or inadequate tools.
过程非至高无上（“过程并不高于一切”）：一个成熟的过程不能解决人员缺乏专业资质或者工具不合适的问题。
The Good Management Corollary: A mature process cannot overcome unsound management.
优良管理推论：一个成熟的过程不能解决管理不善的问题。
The Scar-Tissue Proverb: Maturity is a function of scar tissue. - Mark Paulk
“伤疤”谚语：（字典的解释为，Scar Tissue是一种组成伤疤的结缔组织，在新疤中主要是纤维原，在老疤中主要是胶原体）成熟度的作用恰如“伤疤”，提醒企业不能好了伤口忘了疤，要记住来自失败的经验教训。（仅为笔者的个人理解，如有不对敬请斧正。）
Predictability: In custom software development, predictability of cost and schedule is important to the customer.
可预见性：在客户软件开发中，开支和进度的可预见性对客户来说很重要。
Time to Market: In commercial software development, time to market is the major factor in market share.
上市时间：对商业软件的开发来说，上市时间是市场份额的主要因素。
Trade-offs: Pick any two goals from better, faster, cheaper.
权衡：从更好、更快、更廉中选两个作为目标。
The Zero-th Law of Software: If the software does not have to work, you can always meet any other requirement. - Gerald Weinberg
软件第零定律：软件首先要能够正常工作，其次才能考虑更多的需求。
The Quality Decision: Whose opinion of quality is to count when making decisions? - Gerald Weinberg
质量决策：不同人员对于质量有不同理解，在做出决策的时候要考虑清楚所谓“质量”究竟是根据谁的理解。
Investment: Process improvement requires investment.
投资：过程改进需要投资。
Market Realities: A mature process will not generate a market; a bad process will not destroy a lucrative market.
市场现实：拥有成熟的过程，并不意味着自动拥有市场份额；当市场利润较高时，哪怕过程并不成熟也不会对企业造成严重影响。
Customer Satisfaction: The reason for doing process improvement is to satisfy (delight) customers so they will continue to buy your products and services and urge others to do so.
客户满意度：过程改进的理由是满足（取悦）客户，以让他们不断购买你的产品和服务，并且要求其它公司也改进过程。
Competitive Advantage: A mature process contributes to efficiency. In a competitive market, the organization that can produce its products and services most efficiently (and delight its customers) will thrive.
竞争领先：成熟的过程能够提高效率。在竞争激烈的市场中，能够更加高效地生产产品和提供服务（从而取悦客户）的公司才能发展。


2 CMM习惯用语

Software Focus: The CMM focuses on the practices that are under the control of the software function.
软件焦点：CMM集中主要精力于在软件相关实践。

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