WinForm常用代码

//ToolStripSplitButton是标准按钮和下拉按钮的组合，各自工作，但有联系，感觉上后者是没有向下箭头ToolStripDropDownButton；
ToolStripDropDownButton只含有一个按钮，可以选择有没有向下箭头的标志，单击时显示关联的 ToolStripDropDown 的控件。两者均可改变箭头标志在做还是在右。



//VS自带双缓冲
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.UserPaint |
 ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint |
ControlStyles.OptimizedDoubleBuffer, true);

//控件双缓冲
Control.DoubleBuffered=true; //attribute modfied by Protected

//手工双缓冲
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(600, 600);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.DrawLine();
this.CreateGraphics().DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0);//这句是关键，不能?在OnPaint里画BitBmp在这里调Invalidate

Invalidate(Rectangle)//规定区域重绘，解决闪烁的另一种方法



ComboBox ComboBox1 = (ComboBox) sender;
(Sender as SomeObject).Method()



this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微软雅黑", 72F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.label1.Font = new Font("微软雅黑", fontSize);



//自定义控件背景透明
SetStyle(ControlStyles.UserPaint, true);
SetStyle(ControlStyles.SupportsTransparentBackColor, true);
this.BackColor = Color.Transparent;




//获得程序集
System.Reflection.Assembly assem = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();



//点移位
Point.Offset(Point);
Point.Offset(int,int);

Rectangle.Contains(Point);



//截获标题栏消息，自画标题栏
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowDC(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern int ReleaseDC(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr hDC);

private const int WM_NCPAINT = 0x0085;
private const int WM_NCACTIVATE = 0x0086;
private const int WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN = 0x00A1;
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
    base.WndProc(ref m);
    Rectangle vRectangle = new Rectangle((Width - 75) / 2, 3, 75, 25);
    switch (m.Msg)
    {
        case WM_NCPAINT:
        case WM_NCACTIVATE:
            IntPtr vHandle = GetWindowDC(m.HWnd);
            Graphics vGraphics = Graphics.FromHdc(vHandle);
            vGraphics.FillRectangle(new LinearGradientBrush(vRectangle, 
                Color.Pink, Color.Purple, LinearGradientMode.BackwardDiagonal),
                vRectangle);
            
            StringFormat vStringFormat = new StringFormat();
            vStringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
            vStringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
            vGraphics.DrawString("About", Font, Brushes.BlanchedAlmond, 
                vRectangle, vStringFormat);

            vGraphics.Dispose();
            ReleaseDC(m.HWnd, vHandle);
            break;
        case WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN:
            Point vPoint = new Point((int)m.LParam);
            vPoint.Offset(-Left, -Top);
            if (vRectangle.Contains(vPoint))
                MessageBox.Show(vPoint.ToString());
            break;
    }
}



Control.SuspendLayout;//在它和ResumeLayout之间的代码不会引起Parent Control的重绘
Control.AddRange(new Control[]{});//添加多个控件
Control.ResumeLayout;// 在它和SuspendLayout之间的代码不会引起Parent Control的重绘



Button[] buttons = new Button[] {};//大胆地设类数组吧~
Button.SetBounds(int,int,int,int);//设置Button的左、右、宽、高；



//应该尽可能地用Anchor、Dock，特殊情况下用Layout事件



Form.MdiParent=(Form);//设置MDI父窗口



//Active事件里this.Hide()是正道



Form.Show();
Form.Text=”Mytext”;//这两句的顺序不能



//static不能修饰临时变量，一般用来修饰类变量（不是类的对象实例变量！！！）



Form.MdiParent = this;
Form.TopLevel = true;
Form.IsMdiContainer= true;

Form. ActivateMdiChild



//sqlconnection连接字符串
@"Data Source= .\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDBFilename=C:\..\*.MDF;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True"))

//sqlconnection连接的基本步骤
using System.Data.SqlClient;

Dataset dataset = new DataSet();

using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source= .\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDBFilename=C:\SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases\NORTHWND.MDF;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True"))
{
conn.Open();

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(conn.CreateCommand());
    adapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "select * from customers";

adapter.Fill(dataset);

foreach (DataRow row in dataset.Tables[0].Rows)
{
string item=row["ContactTitle"]+","+row["ContactName"];
    listBox1.Items.Add(item);
}
}



ListBox.Items.Add（new string）//ListBox添加项



//创建DataSet中的记录
DataRow row = DataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["**"] =***;
dataset.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);

//更新DataSet
DataRow row=DataSet.Table[0].Rows[index];
row[“***”]=***;

//删除DataSet中的记录
DataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Remove(DataSet.Table[0].Rows[index]);

//DataRow.Delete()和DataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Remove()不一样,后者是从DataSet中彻底删除
DataRow row=DataSet.Table[0].Rows[index];
row[“***”]=***;

row.delete();
TYPE varable=row[“***”,DataRowVersion.Original]

// DataRow的完整访问方式和DataRow.RowState
Switch (row.RowState)
{
case DataRowState.Deleted:
    	row["***", DataRowVersion.Original];

    case DataRowState.Added:
    	row["["***"]

    case DataRowState.Modified:
    	row["***", DataRowVersion.Original]
       	row["***", DataRowVersion.Current]
case DataRowVersion.Unchanged:
    	row["***"]
}



//获取部分特定状态的数据集
DataTable modifiedTable = DataSet.Tables[0].GetChanges(DataRowState.Added| DataRowState.Modified| DataRowState.Deleted);



//创建数据库查询连接适配器的几种方式
SqlDataAdapter  adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from TABLENAME", SqlConnection); //最简单

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(SqlConnection.CreateCommand());
adapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "select * from TABLENAME ";

SqlDataAdapter  adapter = new sqldat SqlDataAdapter();
adapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand("select * from TABLENAME ", SqlConnection);



//万能的数据集更新器SqlCommandBuilder
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from TABLENAME ", SqlConnection);

new SqlCommandBuilder(adapter);

try
{
adapter.Update(modifiedDataSet);
PoulateListBox();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
}



//多表数据集建议分别创建适配器

SqlDataAdapter  adapter1 = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from TABLENAME", SqlConnection); 
adapter1.Fill(DataSet,”TABLENAME1”);

SqlDataAdapter  adapter2 = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from TABLENAME", SqlConnection); 
adapter2.Fill(DataSet,”TABLENAME2”);
//
//Make some changes to the DataSet .TABLENAME1 or DataSet .TABLENAME2
//
new SqlCommandBuilder(adapter1);
adapter1.Update(DataSet,” TABLENAME1”);

new SqlCommandBuilder(adapter2);
adapter2.Update(DataSet,” TABLENAME2”);



//创建DataSet自带约束
UniqueConstraint constrint = new UniqueConstraint(DataTable.Columns["***"]);//唯一性约束
DataTable.Constraints.Add(constrint);
//外键约束：ForeignKeyConstraint



//关系基于两张表的两个列上，添加于两张表共属的数据集，并且自动生成分别在两个表上生成UniqueConstraint 和ForeignKeyConstraint
DataRelation relation = new DataRelation("CustomersOrders", DataTable.Columns["***"], DataTable.Columns["***"]);
dataset.Relations.Add(relation);



Form.Modal//判断显示方式是模式还是非模式，模式为true，非模式为false，只有在Load事件中和之后该属性才有实际意义，在构造期间默认为false



myForm.Control1.Text=”Data put in by a user”;//这样不好,封装性不强不易维护更新，用下面的

pulbic String Control1Text
{
	get{
		return Control1.Text;
}
Set{
	Control1.Text;=value;
}
}
//…
myForm. Control1Text=” Data put in by a user”;



//DialogResult res=ShowDialog()只是获取对话框结果的快捷方式，完整方式如下
void someButton_Click(object sender,EventArgs e){
this.DialogResult=DialogResult.Retry;
	this.close();
}

someForm=new someForm();

someForm.showDialog();
DialogResult ref= someForm .DialogResult;
if(ref= DialogResult.Retry)
//…



string path =Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
System.IO.FileStream aFile = new System.IO.FileStream(path, FileMode.Open);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(aFile, System.Text.Encoding.Default);



/*
对于每个关联的 SqlConnection，一次只能打开一个 SqlDataReader
SqlConnection 与 SqlDataAdapter 和 SqlCommand 一起使用，可以在连接 Microsoft SQL Server 数据库时提高性能。
对于所有第三方 SQL 服务器产品以及其他支持 OLE DB 的数据源，请使用 OleDbConnection。
SqlConnection 超出范围，则不会将其关闭。因此，必须通过调用 Close 或 Dispose 显式关闭该连接。最好在using 块内部打开连接。
连接自字符串关键字不区分大小写，并将忽略键/值对之间的空格。 不过，根据数据源的不同，值可能是区分大小写的。 任何包含分号、单引号或双引号的值必须用双引号引起来。
*/



System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder =new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
builder["Data Source"] = "(local)";
builder["integrated Security"] = true;
builder["Initial Catalog"] = "AdventureWorks;NewValue=Bad";
// 使用System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder不需要担心分号、单引号或双引号的转义问题
Console.WriteLine(builder.ConnectionString);



//打开数据库的某个古老方法
SqlConnection mc=new SqlConnection();
mc.ConnectionString=”/*…*/”;
mc.Open();



//有关SqlCommand, SqlDataReader的基本使用
SqlCommand scm=SqlConnection.CreateCommand();
scm.CommandText=”select */*…*/”;
SqlDataReader sdr=scm.ExecuteReader();
sdr.Read();
//…
sdr.close();



//以ToolStrip为例绘制简便背景
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new System.Drawing.Drawing2D.LinearGradientBrush(
new System.Drawing.Point(0, toolStrip1.Height),
new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0), 
Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.ControlDark), 
Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.ControlLight)), 
toolStrip1.ClientRectangle);



//获取Color的几种方式
Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.ControlLight);
Color.FromArgb(int r,int g,int b);
Color.FromArgb(int a,int r,int g,int b);//a表示透明度，0-255，0为全透明，255为不透明，