hdu 5573---Binary Tree(构造)
2018-06-17 22:26:19来源:未知 阅读 ()
题目链接
Since the king is professional in math, he sets a number to each node. Specifically, the root of the tree, where the King lives, is 1. Say froot=1.
And for each node u, labels as fu, the left child is fu×2 and right child is fu×2+1. The king looks at his tree kingdom, and feels satisfied.
Time flies, and the frog king gets sick. According to the old dark magic, there is a way for the king to live for another N years, only if he could collect exactly Nsoul gems.
Initially the king has zero soul gems, and he is now at the root. He will walk down, choosing left or right child to continue. Each time at node x, the number at the node is fx (remember froot=1), he can choose to increase his number of soul gem by fx, or decrease it by fx.
He will walk from the root, visit exactly K nodes (including the root), and do the increasement or decreasement as told. If at last the number is N, then he will succeed.
Noting as the soul gem is some kind of magic, the number of soul gems the king has could be negative.
Given N, K, help the King find a way to collect exactly N soul gems by visiting exactly K nodes.
Every test case contains two integers N and K, which indicates soul gems the frog king want to collect and number of nodes he can visit.
⋅ 1≤T≤100.
⋅ 1≤N≤109.
⋅ N≤2K≤260.
Then K lines follows, each line is formated as 'a b', where a is node label of the node the frog visited, and b is either '+' or '-' which means he increases / decreases his number by a.
It's guaranteed that there are at least one solution and if there are more than one solutions, you can output any of them.
可以由左侧的点就可以组成1~2^k的值,而题目中数据范围N<=2^k 所以本题只需考虑最左侧的点就行了(最后一个点为2^(k-1)或2^(k-1)+1 可以根据N奇偶特判),现在确定了由最左边的数构成,那么还需要确定每个数的符号 。由上图可以发现1,2,4,8,……2^k这样的数列,1+2+4+8+……+2^(k-1)<2^(k+1) ,又1+2+4+8=15 【0000=0】,(-1)+2+4+8=13 【0001=1】,1+(-2)+4+8=11 【0010=2】,(-1)+(-2)+4+8=9 【0011=3】,1+2+(-4)+8=7 【0100=4】 …… 所以数列中的数根据符号与二进制有关,如上图所述:10排第5个,共8个数,8-5=3 【0011】,所以1和2取负号,4和9取正号。
代码如下:
#include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> using namespace std; typedef long long LL; int main() { int T,Case=1; cin>>T; int N,k; while(T--) { printf("Case #%d:\n",Case++); scanf("%d%d",&N,&k); LL n=1<<(k-1); LL x=n-(N+1)/2; LL tmp=1; for(int i=1;i<k;i++) { printf("%lld ",tmp); if(x&tmp) puts("-"); else puts("+"); tmp<<=1; } if(N&1) printf("%lld +\n",tmp); else printf("%lld +\n",tmp+1); } return 0; }
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