在窗口中输出文字

这里我假定读者已利用ApplicationWizard生成了一个SDI界面的程式代码。接下来的您只需要在CView派生类的OnDraw成员函数中加入绘图代码就能够了。在这里我需要解释一下OnDraw函数的作用，OnDraw函数会在窗口需要重绘时自动被调用，传入的参数CDC* pDC对应的就是DC环境。使用OnDraw的长处就在于在您使用打印功能的时候传入OnDraw的DC环境将会是打印机绘图环境，使用打印预览时传入的是个称为CPreviewDC的绘图环境，所以您只需要一份代码就能够完成窗口/打印预览/打印机绘图三重功能。利用Windows的设备无关性和M$为打印预览所编写的上千行代码您能够很容易的完成一个具备所见即所得的软件。

输出文字一般使用CDC::BOOL TextOut( int x, int y, const CString& str )和CDC::int DrawText( const CString& str, LPRECT lpRect, UINT nFormat )两个函数，对TextOut来讲只能输出单行的文字，而DrawText能够指定在一个矩形中输出单行或多行文字，并且能够规定对齐方式和使用何种风格。nFormat能够是多种以下标记的组合（利用位或操作）以达到选择输出风格的目的。

• DT_BOTTOM底部对齐 Specifies bottom-justified text. This value must be combined with DT_SINGLELINE.
  
  
• DT_CALCRECT计算指定文字时所需要矩形尺寸 Determines the width and height of the rectangle. If there are multiple lines of text, DrawText will use the width of the rectangle pointed to by lpRect and extend the base of the rectangle to bound the last line of text. If there is only one line of text, DrawText will modify the right side of the rectangle so that it bounds the last character in the line. In either case, DrawText returns the height of the formatted text, but does not draw the text.
  
  
• DT_CENTER中部对齐 Centers text horizontally.
  
  
• DT_END_ELLIPSIS or DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS Replaces part of the given string with ellipses, if necessary, so that the result fits in the specified rectangle. The given string is not modified unless the DT_MODIFYSTRING flag is specified.

  You can specify DT_END_ELLIPSIS to replace characters at the end of the string, or DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS to replace characters in the middle of the string. If the string contains backslash (\) characters, DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS preserves as much as possible of the text after the last backslash.

• DT_EXPANDTABS Expands tab characters. The default number of characters per tab is eight.
  
  
• DT_EXTERNALLEADING Includes the font抯 external leading in the line height. Normally, external leading is not included in the height of a line of text.
  
  
• DT_LEFT左对齐 Aligns text flush-left.
  
  
• DT_MODIFYSTRING Modifies the given string to match the displayed text. This flag has no effect unless the DT_END_ELLIPSIS or DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS flag is specified.

  Note Some uFormat flag combinations can cause the passed string to be modified. Using DT_MODIFYSTRING with either DT_END_ELLIPSIS or DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS may cause the string to be modified, causing an assertion in the CString override.

• DT_NOCLIP Draws without clipping. DrawText is somewhat faster when DT_NOCLIP is used.
  
  
• DT_NOPREFIX禁止使用&前缀 Turns off processing of prefix characters. Normally, DrawText interprets the ampersand (&) mnemonic-prefix character as a directive to underscore the character that follows, and the two-ampersand (&&) mnemonic-prefix characters as a directive to print a single ampersand. By specifying DT_NOPREFIX, this processing is turned off.
  
  
• DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS
  
  
• DT_RIGHT右对齐 Aligns text flush-right.
  
  
• DT_SINGLELINE单行输出 Specifies single line only. Carriage returns and linefeeds do not break the line.
  
  
• DT_TABSTOP配置TAB字符所占宽度 Sets tab stops. The high-order byte of nFormat is the number of characters for each tab. The default number of characters per tab is eight.
  
  
• DT_TOP定部对齐 Specifies top-justified text (single line only).
  
  
• DT_VCENTER中部对齐 Specifies vertically centered text (single line only).
  
  
• DT_WORDBREAK每行只在单词间被折行 Specifies word-breaking. Lines are automatically broken between words if a word would extend past the edge of the rectangle specified by lpRect. A carriage return杔inefeed sequence will also break the line.

在输出文字时假如希望改变文字的颜色，您能够利用CDC::SetTextColor( COLORREF crColor )进行配置，假如您希望改变背景色就利用CDC::SetBkColor( COLORREF crColor )，很多时候您可能需要透明的背景色您能够利用CDC::SetBkMode( int nBkMode )配置，可接受的参数有

• OPAQUE Background is filled with the current background color before the text, hatched brush, or pen is drawn. This is the default background mode.
  
  
• TRANSPARENT Background is not changed before drawing.

接下来讲讲如何创建字体，您能够创建的字体有两种：库存字体CDC::CreateStockObject( int nIndex )和自定义字体。

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