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使用程序导出建表语句，及以insert语句形式导出数据_数据库技巧

2007-08-24 分类：数据库教程 阅读(1237) 评论(0)
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前一段时间在弄数据库设计，有时要把一些数据（数据类不大）导到其它类型的数据库里，发现无论是Sql Server、Oracle、MySql，在从库中导出标准的建表和插入数据（即Insert语句）语句时，多少有些不如人意，于是结合自己的要求，自己动手写一个导出的程序。


程序在ListBox（lboxAll）中列出指定的数据库中所有的用户表名，选中要导出的表名将会被添加到另一ListBox（lboxSelected）中，程序将导出lboxSelected中所有表的建表语句以及以Insert语句形式导出的数据：


1）Sql Server：


获得用户表信息


select name tname from sysobjects where xtype=U


获取表的字段信息


select sysobjects.name table_name,syscolumns.name column_name,systypes.name


data_type,syscolumns.isnullable,syscolumns.length,syscolumns.prec,syscolumns.scale


from sysobjects


join syscolumns


on sysobjects.id=syscolumns.id


join systypes


on syscolumns.xtype=systypes.xtype


where sysobjects.name=tablename


 


相关程序（省略部分代码）：



private void ShowAllTable()
{
    ……
    this.cmd.CommandText = “select name tname from sysobjects where xtype=U”;
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        da.Fill(ds, “alltable”);
        this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
        {
            this.lboxAll.DataSource = ds.Tables[“alltable”].DefaultView;
            this.lboxAll.DisplayMember = “tname”;
        });
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}



private void ExpSQL()
{
    this.sw = new StreamWriter(this.path,true,Encoding.Default);
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        for (int i = 0; i < this.lboxSelected.Items.Count; i++)
        {
            this.cmd.CommandText =”select sysobjects.name table_name,syscolumns.name
column_name,systypes.name data_type, syscolumns.isnullable,
syscolumns.length,syscolumns.prec,syscolumns.scale”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”from sysobjects”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”join syscolumns”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”on sysobjects.id=syscolumns.id”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”join systypes”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”on syscolumns.xtype=systypes.xtype”;
            this.cmd.CommandText +=Environment.NewLine +”where sysobjects.name=” +
this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString() + “”;
            SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            da.Fill(ds, “colinfo”);
            DataTable dt = ds.Tables[“colinfo”];
            this.GenerateCreateStatement(dt);
            this.cmd.CommandText = “select * from ” + this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString();


            da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            da.Fill(ds, “datainfo”);
            DataTable dt2 = ds.Tables[“datainfo”];
            this.GenerateInsertStatement(dt, dt2);


            Thread.Sleep(10);
        }
        this.sw.Flush();
        this.sw.Close();
        this.sw.Dispose();
        MessageBox.Show(“完成”, “提示”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}


private void GenerateCreateStatement(DataTable dt)
{
string sql =  “CREATE TABLE ” + dt.Rows[0][“TABLE_NAME”].ToString() + “(” +
Environment.NewLine;


    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
    {
        sql += dt.Rows[i][“COLUMN_NAME”].ToString() + ” ” + dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString();
        if (dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “varchar” ||
dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “char” ||
dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “nvarchar” ||
dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “nchar”)
        {
            sql += “(” + dt.Rows[i][“LENGTH”].ToString() + “)”;
        }
        if (dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “decimal” ||
dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “numeric”)
        {
            sql += “(” + dt.Rows[i][“PREC”].ToString();
            sql += “,” + dt.Rows[i][“SCALE”].ToString();
            sql += “)”;
        }
        if (dt.Rows[i][“ISNULLABLE”].ToString() == “0”)
        {
            sql += ” NOT NULL”;
        }
        sql += “,” + Environment.NewLine;
    }
    sql = sql.Substring(0, sql.LastIndexOf(,)) + “);” + Environment.NewLine;
    this.sw.Write(sql);
    this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
}


private void GenerateInsertStatement(DataTable dtColInfo, DataTable dtDataInfo)
{
    string sql =  “INSERT INTO ” + dtColInfo.Rows[0][“TABLE_NAME”].ToString() + “(“;


    string values = “”;
    string colName = “”;
    string dataType = “”;
    for (int i = 0; i < dtDataInfo.Rows.Count; i++)
    {
        values = “VALUES(“;
        for (int j = 0; j < dtColInfo.Rows.Count; j++)
        {
            colName = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“COLUMN_NAME”].ToString();
            dataType = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString();
            if (i == 0)
            {
                sql += colName + “,”;
            }
            if (dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() == “”)
            {
                values += “NULL,”;
            }
            else
            {
                if (dataType == “varchar” || dataType == “char” || dataType == “datetime” ||
dataType == “nvarchar” || dataType == “nchar”)//小写
                {
                    values += “” +
dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString().Trim().Replace(“\”,”\\”) + “,”;
                }                       
                else//
                {
                    values += dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() + “,”;
                }
            }
        }
        this.sw.Write(sql.Substring(0, sql.LastIndexOf(,)) + “)” + Environment.NewLine +
values.Substring(0, values.LastIndexOf(,)) + “);”
+ Environment.NewLine);
        this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
    }
}



 


2）Oracle：


获得用户表信息


select tname from tab


获取表的字段信息


select * from ALL_TAB_COLUMNS A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME=tablename


 


相关程序（省略部分代码）：



private void ShowAllTable()
{
    ……
    this.cmd.CommandText = “select tname from tab”;
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        OracleDataAdapter da = new OracleDataAdapter(cmd);
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        da.Fill(ds, “alltable”);
        this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
        {
            this.lboxAll.DataSource = ds.Tables[“alltable”].DefaultView;
            this.lboxAll.DisplayMember = “tname”;
        });
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}



private void ExpSQL()
{
    this.sw = new StreamWriter(this.path,true,Encoding.Default);
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        for (int i = 0; i < this.lboxSelected.Items.Count; i++)
        {
            this.cmd.CommandText = “select * from ALL_TAB_COLUMNS A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME=” +
this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString()+””;
            OracleDataAdapter da = new OracleDataAdapter(cmd);
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            da.Fill(ds, “colinfo”);
            DataTable dt = ds.Tables[“colinfo”];
            this.GenerateCreateStatement(dt);


            this.cmd.CommandText = “select * from ” + this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString();
            da = new OracleDataAdapter(cmd);
            da.Fill(ds, “datainfo”);
            DataTable dt2 = ds.Tables[“datainfo”];
            this.GenerateInsertStatement(dt, dt2);


            Thread.Sleep(10);
        }
        this.sw.Flush();
        this.sw.Close();
        this.sw.Dispose();
        MessageBox.Show(“完成”, “提示”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}


private void GenerateCreateStatement(DataTable dt)
{
string sql = “CREATE TABLE ” + dt.Rows[0][“TABLE_NAME”].ToString() + “(” +
Environment.NewLine;
    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
    {
        sql += dt.Rows[i][“COLUMN_NAME”].ToString() + ” ” + dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString();
        if (dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “VARCHAR2” ||
dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “CHAR”)
        {
            sql += “(” + dt.Rows[i][“DATA_LENGTH”].ToString() + “)”;
        }
        if (dt.Rows[i][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString() == “NUMBER” && dt.Rows[i][“DATA_PRECISION”] !=
System.DBNull.Value)
        {
            sql += “(” + dt.Rows[i][“DATA_PRECISION”].ToString();
            if (dt.Rows[i][“DATA_SCALE”].ToString() != “0”)
            {
                sql += “,” + dt.Rows[i][“DATA_SCALE”].ToString();
            }
            sql += “)”;
        }
        if (dt.Rows[i][“NULLABLE”].ToString() == “N”)
        {
            sql += ” NOT NULL”;
        }
        sql += “,” + Environment.NewLine;
    }
    sql = sql.Substring(0, sql.LastIndexOf(,)) + “);” + Environment.NewLine;
    this.sw.Write(sql);
    this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
}


private void GenerateInsertStatement(DataTable dtColInfo, DataTable dtDataInfo)
{
    string sql = “INSERT INTO ” + dtColInfo.Rows[0][“TABLE_NAME”].ToString() + “(“;
    string values = “”;
    string colName = “”;
    string dataType = “”;
    for (int i = 0; i < dtDataInfo.Rows.Count; i++)
    {
        values = “VALUES(“;
        for (int j = 0; j < dtColInfo.Rows.Count; j++)
        {
            colName = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“COLUMN_NAME”].ToString();
            dataType = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“DATA_TYPE”].ToString();
            if (i == 0)
            {
                sql += colName + “,”;
            }
            if (dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() == “”)
            {
                values += “NULL,”;
            }
            else
            {
                if (dataType == “VARCHAR2” || dataType == “CHAR”)
                {
                    values += “” +
dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString().Trim().Replace(“\”, “\\”) + “,”;
                }
                else if (dataType == “DATE”)
                {
                    values += “TO_DATE(” + dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() +
“,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss),”;
                }
                else//
                {
                    values += dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() + “,”;
                }
            }
        }
        this.sw.Write(sql.Substring(0, sql.LastIndexOf(,)) + “)” + Environment.NewLine +
values.Substring(0, values.LastIndexOf(,)) + “);” + Environment.NewLine);
        this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
    }
}



 



 


3）MySql：


获得用户表信息


show tables;


MySql中可以不必自己去拼建表语句，使用以下Sql获得建表语句


show create table tablename;


获取表的字段信息


show columns from tablename;


 


相关程序（省略部分代码）：


 


private void ShowAllTable()
{
    ……
    this.cmd.CommandText = “show tables;”;
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd);
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        da.Fill(ds, “alltable”);
        this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
        {
            this.lboxAll.DataSource = ds.Tables[“alltable”].DefaultView;
            this.lboxAll.DisplayMember = “Tables_in_”+this.tbDatabase.Text.Trim();
        });
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}



private void ExpSQL()
{
    this.sw = new StreamWriter(this.path, true, Encoding.Default);
    try
    {
        this.conn.Open();
        for (int i = 0; i < this.lboxSelected.Items.Count; i++)
        {
            this.cmd.CommandText = “show columns from ” +
this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString();
            MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            da.Fill(ds, “colinfo”);
            DataTable dt = ds.Tables[“colinfo”];


            this.cmd.CommandText = “select * from ” + this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString();
            da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            da.Fill(ds, “datainfo”);
            DataTable dt2 = ds.Tables[“datainfo”];


            this.GenerateCreateStatement(this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString());//
            this.GenerateInsertStatement(dt, dt2, this.lboxSelected.Items[i].ToString());


            Thread.Sleep(10);
        }
        this.sw.Flush();
        this.sw.Close();
        this.sw.Dispose();
        MessageBox.Show(“完成”, “提示”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }
}


private void GenerateCreateStatement(string tname)
{
    string sql = “”;
    try
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
        {
            conn.Open();
        }
        this.cmd.CommandText =”show create table ” + tname;
        MySqlDataReader dr = this.cmd.ExecuteReader();
        if (dr.Read())
        {
            sql = dr[“Create Table”].ToString();
        }
    }
    catch (Exception x)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(x.Message, “错误”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            conn.Close();
        }
    }


    sql = sql.Replace(“`”, “”) + “;” + Environment.NewLine;
    this.sw.Write(sql);
    this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
}


private void GenerateInsertStatement(DataTable dtColInfo, DataTable dtDataInfo,string tname)
{
    string sql =  “INSERT INTO ” + tname + “(“;


    string values = “”;
    string colName = “”;
    string dataType = “”;
    for (int i = 0; i < dtDataInfo.Rows.Count; i++)
    {
        values = “VALUES(“;
        for (int j = 0; j < dtColInfo.Rows.Count; j++)
        {
            colName = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“Field”].ToString();
            dataType = dtColInfo.Rows[j][“Type”].ToString();
            if (i == 0)
            {
                sql += colName + “,”;
            }
            if (dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() == “”)
            {
                values += “NULL,”;
            }
            else
            {
                if (dataType.StartsWith(“varchar”) || dataType.StartsWith(“char”) ||
dataType == “datetime” || dataType == “date”)
                {
                    values += “” +
dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString().Trim().Replace(“\”, “\\”) + “,”;
                }
                else//
                {
                    values += dtDataInfo.Rows[i][colName].ToString() + “,”;
                }
            }
        }
        this.sw.Write(sql.Substring(0, sql.LastIndexOf(,)) + “)” + Environment.NewLine +
values.Substring(0, values.LastIndexOf(,)) + “);” + Environment.NewLine);
        this.sw.Write(Environment.NewLine);
    }
}



程序里有好些方面是没有处理的，包括：表名、字段名为数据库保留字；表名、字段名含有特殊字符（如空格）；一些数据类型没有处理，如Sql Server中的Float型等；主、外键的声明；对大对象类型没有处理等等等等，只是原理上大抵是如此。


对于MySql导出Insert语句，如果不是要移到其它类型的数据库上，用MySqlDump命令是OK，不用上面这么麻烦。


顺便抱怨一下各数据库的图型界面，Sql Server是OK的，企业管理器和查询分析器用起来很好。


 
对于MySql的图形界面，用的多的好像是“mysql front”，一个字，烂！只要数据库中表较多（几十张）或者表中数据较多（几千行）时，就死机（机器配置很好的前提下）。后来上mysql官网上下了“mysql query browser”，一样有问题，首先，每次只能执行一条语句，其次，只要语句中有汉字，马上死，两个字，烂啊！



对于Oracle，不知道大家都在用什么界面，这里用的是“oraedit”，倒是不死，只是在编写存储过程或执行存储过程时，不时有莫名其妙的问题。


http://www.cnblogs.com/KissKnife/archive/2006/12/10/587997.html

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