sql优化实例：从运行30分钟到运行只要30秒_数据库技巧

以下的SQL语句在服务器需要运行长达30分钟才能完成:
SELECT     dbo.ComFlow.ComFlowCode, dbo.ComFlow.ComCode, dbo.ComFlow.CustCode, dbo.ComFlow.DepartCode, dbo.ComFlow.SaleCode,
                      dbo.ComFlow.EmpCode, dbo.ComFlow.Quantity * dbo.Commodity.ConvertRate AS Quantity, CONVERT(datetime, DATENAME(yyyy,
                      dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(mm, dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(dd, dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate)) AS FlowDate,
                      dbo.ComFlow.SalType, dbo.Employee.DepartCode AS DepartIn, dbo.Sale.DepartCode AS DepartOut,
                      dbo.ComFlow.Quantity * dbo.Commodity.TradePrice * dbo.Commodity.Discount / 100 AS Total, dbo.Department.GrpCode AS GrpCodeIn,
                      Department1.GrpCode AS GrpCodeOut
FROM         dbo.ComFlow INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Customer ON
                dbo.ComFlow.SalType IN (N促销, N流向退货, N多级流向) AND dbo.ComFlow.CustCode = dbo.Customer.CustCode
                Or ComFlow_1.SalType IN (N自然流向, N自然流向退货) AND ComFlow_1.OutCustCode = Customer_1.CustCode
            INNER JOIN
                      dbo.CustomerRelation ON dbo.ComFlow.ComCode = dbo.CustomerRelation.ComCode AND
                      dbo.CustomerRelation.CustCode = dbo.Customer.CustCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Employee ON dbo.CustomerRelation.EmpCode = dbo.Employee.EmpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Sale ON dbo.ComFlow.SaleCode = dbo.Sale.SaleCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department ON dbo.Department.DepartCode = dbo.Employee.DepartCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department AS Department1 ON Department1.DepartCode = dbo.Sale.DepartCode AND
                      dbo.Department.GrpCode <> Department1.GrpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Commodity ON dbo.ComFlow.ComCode = dbo.Commodity.ComCode
WHERE     (NOT (dbo.ComFlow.SalType = N流向退货)) OR
                      (NOT (dbo.Customer.Type = N医药公司))
虽然说，我们使用这个语句的应用是一个BI应用，实时性要求不高，但是，我觉得没有道理会运行这么久，应该有办法优化。

第一步，我看了看索引，好像没有问题，都有
第二步，检查关系，有没有错，没有错，和应用要求是一致的，尤其计算出来的结果和同事使用另外一种方法的计算结果是一致的（同事使用多个视图分步累加）。
第三步，看看这个语句有没有什么特别之处？
      我注意到特别之处就是使用Pink底色标出的部分：
dbo.ComFlow.SalType IN (N促销, N流向退货, N多级流向) AND dbo.ComFlow.CustCode = dbo.Customer.CustCode               
 Or ComFlow_1.SalType IN (N自然流向, N自然流向退货) AND ComFlow_1.OutCustCode = Customer_1.CustCode

这是一个Or关系的关联？就是这个问题？
分析这个语句可以看出，这个Or语句其实是可以分解成Union语句的，所以把它变成下面的：

SELECT     dbo.ComFlow.ComFlowCode, dbo.ComFlow.ComCode, dbo.ComFlow.CustCode, dbo.ComFlow.DepartCode, dbo.ComFlow.SaleCode,
                      dbo.ComFlow.EmpCode, dbo.ComFlow.Quantity * dbo.Commodity.ConvertRate AS Quantity, CONVERT(datetime, DATENAME(yyyy,
                      dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(mm, dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(dd, dbo.ComFlow.FlowDate)) AS FlowDate,
                      dbo.ComFlow.SalType, dbo.Employee.DepartCode AS DepartIn, dbo.Sale.DepartCode AS DepartOut,
                      dbo.ComFlow.Quantity * dbo.Commodity.TradePrice * dbo.Commodity.Discount / 100 AS Total, dbo.Department.GrpCode AS GrpCodeIn,
                      Department1.GrpCode AS GrpCodeOut
FROM         dbo.ComFlow INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Customer ON dbo.ComFlow.SalType IN (N促销, N流向退货, N多级流向) AND dbo.ComFlow.CustCode = dbo.Customer.CustCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.CustomerRelation ON dbo.ComFlow.ComCode = dbo.CustomerRelation.ComCode AND
                      dbo.CustomerRelation.CustCode = dbo.Customer.CustCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Employee ON dbo.CustomerRelation.EmpCode = dbo.Employee.EmpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Sale ON dbo.ComFlow.SaleCode = dbo.Sale.SaleCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department ON dbo.Department.DepartCode = dbo.Employee.DepartCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department AS Department1 ON Department1.DepartCode = dbo.Sale.DepartCode AND
                      dbo.Department.GrpCode <> Department1.GrpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Commodity ON dbo.ComFlow.ComCode = dbo.Commodity.ComCode
WHERE     (NOT (dbo.ComFlow.SalType = N流向退货)) OR
                      (NOT (dbo.Customer.Type = N医药公司))
UNION ALL
SELECT     ComFlow_1.ComFlowCode, ComFlow_1.ComCode, ComFlow_1.CustCode, ComFlow_1.DepartCode, ComFlow_1.SaleCode, ComFlow_1.EmpCode,
                      ComFlow_1.Quantity * Commodity_1.ConvertRate AS Quantity, CONVERT(datetime, DATENAME(yyyy, ComFlow_1.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(mm,
                      ComFlow_1.FlowDate) + – + DATENAME(dd, ComFlow_1.FlowDate)) AS FlowDate, ComFlow_1.SalType, Employee_1.DepartCode AS DepartIn,
                      Sale_1.DepartCode AS DepartOut, ComFlow_1.Quantity * Commodity_1.TradePrice * Commodity_1.Discount / 100 AS Total,
                      Department_1.GrpCode AS GrpCodeIn, Department1.GrpCode AS GrpCodeOut
FROM         dbo.ComFlow AS ComFlow_1 INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Customer AS Customer_1 ON ComFlow_1.SalType IN (N自然流向, N自然流向退货) AND
                      ComFlow_1.OutCustCode = Customer_1.CustCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.CustomerRelation AS CustomerRelation_1 ON ComFlow_1.ComCode = CustomerRelation_1.ComCode AND
                      CustomerRelation_1.CustCode = Customer_1.CustCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Employee AS Employee_1 ON CustomerRelation_1.EmpCode = Employee_1.EmpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Sale AS Sale_1 ON ComFlow_1.SaleCode = Sale_1.SaleCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department AS Department_1 ON Department_1.DepartCode = Employee_1.DepartCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Department AS Department1 ON Department1.DepartCode = Sale_1.DepartCode AND Department_1.GrpCode <> Department1.GrpCode INNER JOIN
                      dbo.Commodity AS Commodity_1 ON ComFlow_1.ComCode = Commodity_1.ComCode
WHERE     (NOT (ComFlow_1.SalType = N流向退货)) OR
                      (NOT (Customer_1.Type = N医药公司))
没有想到，效果太明显了，之前需要30分钟才能运行完毕的语句只要30几秒就完成了。

这里可以看出，Or的语句可能破坏了索引的作用。使用Or进行关联虽然逻辑非常清楚，但是效率低。
使用Union虽然冗长，但是用在这里效率要高。
http://www.cnblogs.com/cleo/archive/2006/11/01/547079.html