JavaScript：世界上误解最深的语言

JavaScript, aka Mocha, aka LiveScript, aka JScript, aka ECMAScript, is one of the world's most popular programming languages. Virtually every personal computer in the world has at least one JavaScript interpreter installed on it and in active use. JavaScript's popularity is due entirely to its role as the scripting language of the WWW.

JavaScript，或者叫 Mocha，或者叫 LiveScript，或者叫 JScript，又或者叫 ECMAScript，是世界上最流行的编程语言之一。事实上世界上的每一台个人电脑都安装并在频繁使用至少一个JavaScript解释器。JavaScript的流行完全是由于他在WWW脚本语言领域中的地位决定的。

Despite its popularity, few know that JavaScript is a very nice dynamic object-oriented general-purpose programming language. How can this be a secret? Why is this language so misunderstood?

尽管它很流行，但是很少有人知道JavaScript是一个非常棒的动态面向对象通用编程语言。这居然能成为一个秘密！这门语言为什么被误解如此之深？

The Name名字

The Java- prefix suggests that JavaScript is somehow related to Java, that it is a subset or less capable version of Java. It seems that the name was intentionally selected to create confusion, and from confusion comes misunderstanding. JavaScript is not interpreted Java. Java is interpreted Java. JavaScript is a different language.

Java- 前缀很容易使人联想到Java，并认为它是Java的子集或简化版的Java。看起来最初给它选这个名字是别有用心的，是故意混淆概念、故意制造"误解"的。JavaScript不是解释执行的Java。Java是解释执行的Java。JavaScript是另外一种语言。

JavaScript has a syntactic similarity to Java, much as Java has to C. But it is no more a subset of Java than Java is a subset of C. It is better than Java in the applications that Java (fka Oak) was originally intended for.

JavaScript的语法和Java有相似之处，这就像Java的语法和C很相像一样。但是它不是Java的子集，就像Java不是C的子集一样。它在Java（Oak）最初打算进军的领域中比Java更好。

JavaScript was not developed at Sun Microsystems, the home of Java. JavaScript was developed at Netscape. It was originally called LiveScript, but that name wasn't confusing enough.

JavaScript不是Sun Microsystems的产品，Sun是Java的家。JavaScript是在Netscape被开发出来的。它最初叫LiveScript，嗯……还是这个名字好。

The -Script suffix suggests that it is not a real programming language, that a scripting language is less than a programming language. But it is really a matter of specialization. Compared to C, JavaScript trades performance for expressive power and dynamism.

-Script后缀让人认为他不是一门真正的编程语言，和一门"编程语言"还有相当的差距。但是这只是应用领域的问题。和C相比，JavaScript是牺牲了性能但换来了丰富的表现力和灵活的形态。

Lisp in C's Clothing披着C皮的Lisp

JavaScript's C-like syntax, including curly braces and the clunky for statement, makes it appear to be an ordinary procedural language. This is misleading because JavaScript has more in common with functional languages like Lisp or Scheme than with C or Java. It has arrays instead of lists and objects instead of property lists. Functions are first class. It has closures. You get lambdas without having to balance all those parens.

JavaScript的类C语法，包括大括号和语句的形式，让它看起来像普通的面向过程编程语言。这是一种误解，因为JavaScript和函数式语言，比如 Lisp 或 Scheme，有更多的相似之处，而不是和C或Java。它使用数组而不是列表，使用对象而不是属性列表。函数是第一位的，它有闭包（closures 怎么翻译？？），另外你还可以使用lambda表达式。

Typecasting类型转换

JavaScript was designed to run in Netscape Navigator. Its success there led to it becoming standard equipment in virtually all web browsers. This has resulted in typecasting. JavaScript is the George Reeves of programming languages. JavaScript is well suited to a large class of non-Web-related applications

JavaScript最初被设计成在Netscape Navigator中运行，它在Navigator中的成功引领它成为事实上所有web浏览器的标准装备。这就造就了"类型转换"。JavaScript是编程语言中的 George Reeves（超人），是大量非web程序的称职之选。

Moving Target移动靶

The first versions of JavaScript were quite weak. They lacked exception handling, inner functions, and inheritance. In its present form, it is now a complete object-oriented programming language. But many opinions of the language are based on its immature forms.

JavaScript的最初几版非常弱，没有异常处理，没有内部函数和继承。现如今，它已经成为完全面向对象的编程语言。但是这门语言的许多思想是基于它不成熟的形式的。

The ECMA committee that has stewardship over the language is developing extensions which, while well intentioned, will aggravate one of the language's biggest problems: There are already too many versions. This creates confusion.

ECMA委员会，这门语言的管家，正在对它进行扩展，也在蓄意恶化它最大的问题：有太多的版本。这是混乱的根源。

Design Errors设计上的错误

No programming language is perfect. JavaScript has its share of design errors, such as the overloading of to mean both addition and concatenation with type coercion, and the error-prone with statement should be avoided. The reserved word policies are much too strict. Semicolon insertion was a huge mistake, as was the notation for literal regular expressions. These mistakes have led to programming errors, and called the design of the language as a whole into question. Fortunately, many of these problems can be mitigated with a good lint program.

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