Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Conformanc…

Contents ：
Abstract
Introduction
Benefits of IPv6
Improved efficiency in routing and packet handling
Support for autoconfiguration and plug and play
Support for embedded IPSec
Enhanced support for Mobile IP and mobile computing devices
Elimination of the need for network address translation (NAT)
Support for widely deployed routing protocols
Increased number of multicast addresses, and improved support for multicast
What is IPv6?
IPv6 header format
IPv6 extension headers
IPv6 addressing
IPv6 Operation
Neighbor discovery
Router discovery
Stateless autoconfiguration and renumbering of IPv6 nodes
Path Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU)
DHCPv6 and Domain Name Server (DNS)
IPv6 Deployment
Dual-stack backbone
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling
IPv6 Challenges
Why Test IPv6 Technology?
Testing to ensure interoperability
Testing to characterize performance bottlenecks
Test Solution Requirements
Optimized hardware platform
Dual stack routing protocol emulation
Ability to generate and analyze tunneled traffic ?dual stack data plane
Ixia Approach to IPv6 Testing
IPv6 conformance testing
IPv6 scalability and performance testing
Conclusion
Appendix: Sample IPv6 Test Plans
IPv6 Conformance Test
IPv6/IPv4 Forwarding Performance Test
Tunneling Functional Test
Tunneling Performance Test
IPv6 Routing Performance and Scalability Test
Glossary
Acknowledgements
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Abstract

The need for a new Internet Protocol is well understood and accepted in the networking industry. Requirements for more address space, simpler address design and handling at the IP layer, better QoS support, greater security, and an increasing number of media types and Internet-capable devices have all contributed to drive the development ofInternet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). This paper reviews the basics of IPv6, its deployment, and strategies for managing the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Most importantly, the paper identifies key areas for IPv6 testing, and prescribes an appropriate testing methodology for each of them.

Introduction

IPv4, the current version of the Internet Protocol deployed worldwide, has proven remarkably robust, easy to implement, and interoperable with a wide range of protocols and applications. Though substantially unchanged since it was first specified in the early 1980s, IPv4 has supported the scaling of the Internet to its current global proportions. However, the ongoing explosive growth of the Internet and Internet services has exposed deficiencies in IPv4 at the Internet抯 current scale and complexity. IPv6 was developed specifically to address these deficiencies, enabling further Internet growth and development.

The most important issue addressed by IPv6 is the need for increased IP addresses: IPv4抯 32-bit address space is nearly exhausted, while the number of Internet users continues to grow exponentially. This need is exacerbated by the continual introduction of addresshungry Internet services and applications (Internet-enabled PDAs, home and small office networks, Internet-connected vehicles and appliances, IP telephony and wireless services, etc.). The exhaustion of IPv4 addresses has been long anticipated, and various techniques have been introduced to extend the life of the existing IPv4 infrastructure, including Network Address Translation (NAT), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).

While these techniques provide a workaround for the lack of address space, they fail to meet the requirements of the Internet抯 end-to-end architecture and peer-to-peer applications. Additionally, residential broadband Internet requires always-on, always-contactable global addresses, which are unsupportable with current IP address conversion strategies, pooling, and other temporary allocation techniques.

The global need for IP addresses has even added political force to the drive for IPv6 implementation. For latecomers to the Internet explosion, IPv6 is the only solution that will accommodate billions of new users. Many countries, such as China and Japan, have legislated an implementation schedule for IPv6 to meet their urgent deployment needs.

Simply stated, IPv6抯 ample (128-bit) address space provides an adequate number of globally unique addresses to support the anticipated growth and development of the Internet for the foreseeable future. However, as the following section illustrates, IPv6 is much more than just a software fix to provide more IP addresses.

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