Delphi中三种延时方法及其定时精度分析

　　在Delphi中，通常可以用以下三种方法来实现程序的延时，即TTtimer控件，Sleep函数，GetTickCount函数。但是其精度是各不相同的。

一、三种方法的简单介绍

1）TTtimer控件

　　TTtimer控件的实质是调用Windows API定时函数SetTimer和KillTimer来实现的，并简化了对WM_TIMER 消息的处理过程。通过设置OnTimer事件和Interval属性，我们可以很方便的产生一些简单的定时事件。

2）Sleep函数

　　Sleep函数用来使程序的执行延时给定的时间值。Sleep的调用形式为Sleep(milliseconds)，暂停当前的进程milliseconds毫秒。Sleep的实现方法其实也是调用Windows API的Sleep函数。例如：

sleep(1000); //延迟1000毫秒

Sleep会引起程序停滞，如果你延迟的时间较长的话，你的程序将不能够响应延时期间的发生的其他消息，所以程序看起来好像暂时死机。

3）GetTickCount函数

　　在主程序中延时，为了达到延时和响应消息这两个目的，GetTickCount()构成的循环就是一种广为流传的方法。例如：

procedure Delay(MSecs: Longint);
//延时函数，MSecs单位为毫秒(千分之1秒)
var
FirstTickCount, Now: Longint;
begin
FirstTickCount := GetTickCount();
repeat
Application.ProcessMessages;
Now := GetTickCount();
until (Now - FirstTickCount >= MSecs) or (Now < FirstTickCount);
end;

二、高精度的微妙级性能计数器（high-resolution performance counter）介绍

　　为了比较以上方法的精度，首先需要找到一个参考的定时器。在这里，我提供了两个参考的定时器。一是用单片机每隔1.024ms产生一个实时中断RTI，作为计数器；二是选用了一个高精度的微妙级性能计数器（参见： http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/04/03/HighResolutionTimer/default.aspx ，或者 http://community.csdn.net/Expert/FAQ/FAQ_Index.asp?id=200249
）

1）计数器的Delphi源代码

{
A high-precision counter/timer. Retrieves time differences
downto microsec.
Quick Reference:
THPCounter inherits from TComponent.

Key-Methods:
Start: Starts the counter. Place this call just before the
code you want to measure.

Read: Reads the counter as a string. Place this call just
after the code you want to measure.

ReadInt: Reads the counter as an Int64. Place this call just
after the code you want to measure.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}
unit HPCounter;

interface

uses
SysUtils, WinTypes, WinProcs, Messages, Classes, Graphics, Controls,
Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls;

type
TInt64 = TLargeInteger;
THPCounter = class(TComponent)
private
Frequency: TLargeInteger;
lpPerformanceCount1: TLargeInteger;
lpPerformanceCount2: TLargeInteger;
fAbout: string;
procedure SetAbout(Value: string);
{ Private declarations }
public
constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure Start;
function Read: string;
function ReadInt: TLargeInteger;
{ Private declarations }
published
property About: string read fAbout write SetAbout;
{ Published declarations }
end;


procedure Register;

implementation

procedure Register;
begin
RegisterComponents(''''MAs Prod.'''', [THPCounter]);
end;

constructor THPCounter.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
begin
inherited Create(AOwner);
fAbout:= ''''Version 1.1, 2000&reg; Mats Asplund, EMail: masprod@telia.com, Site: http://go.to/masdp'''';
end;

destructor THPCounter.Destroy;
begin
inherited Destroy;
end;

function THPCounter.Read: string;
begin
QueryPerformanceCounter(TInt64((@lpPerformanceCount2)^));
QueryPerformanceFrequency(TInt64((@Frequency)^));
Result:=IntToStr(Round(1000000 * (lpPerformanceCount2 -
lpPerformanceCount1) / Frequency));
end;

function THPCounter.ReadInt: TLargeInteger;
begin
QueryPerformanceCounter(TInt64((@lpPerformanceCount2)^));
QueryPerformanceFrequency(TInt64((@Frequency)^));
Result:=Round(1000000 * (lpPerformanceCount2 -
lpPerformanceCount1) / Frequency);
end;

procedure THPCounter.SetAbout(Value: string);
begin
Exit;
end;

标签：

版权申明：本站文章部分自网络，如有侵权，请联系：west999com@outlook.com
特别注意：本站所有转载文章言论不代表本站观点，本站所提供的摄影照片，插画，设计作品，如需使用，请与原作者联系，版权归原作者所有