Spring12_Spring中的事务控制
2020-06-07 16:06:34来源:博客园 阅读 ()
Spring12_Spring中的事务控制
本教程源码请访问:tutorial_demo
一、概述
之前我们学习了AOP,然后通过AOP对我们的Apache Commons DbUtils实现单表的CRUD操作的代码添加了事务。Spring有其自己的事务控制的机制,我们完全可以在项目中使用Spring自己的事务控制机制。
JavaEE体系进行分层开发,事务处理位于业务层,Spring提供了分层设计业务层的事务处理解决方案。
二、环境准备
我们之前学习了JdbcTemplate,我们的环境Dao层使用JdbcTemplate,后面三个部分的代码,都在环境准备代码基础之上进行。
2.1、建库建表
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS springlearn;
CREATE DATABASE springlearn;
USE springlearn;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account;
CREATE TABLE account (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
money float DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('1', 'aaa', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('2', 'bbb', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('3', 'ccc', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('5', 'cc', '10000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('6', 'abc', '10000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('7', 'abc', '10000');
2.2、添加Account实体类
package org.codeaction.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Account implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float money;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Float getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Float money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
2.3、添加Dao接口
package org.codeaction.dao;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import java.util.List;
public interface IAccountDao {
Integer add(Account account);
Integer delete(Integer id);
Integer update(Account account);
List<Account> findAll();
Account findById(Integer id);
List<Account> findByName(String name);
Long count();
}
2.4、添加Dao接口实现类
package org.codeaction.dao.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
private JdbcTemplate template;
public void setTemplate(JdbcTemplate template) {
this.template = template;
}
@Override
public Integer add(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
}
@Override
public Integer delete(Integer id) {
return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
}
@Override
public Integer update(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
return template.query("select * from account",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
@Override
public Account findById(Integer id) {
List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
}
@Override
public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
}
@Override
public Long count() {
return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
}
}
2.5、添加Service接口
package org.codeaction.service;
public interface IAccountService {
void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money);
}
这里只有一个转账操作,也是这个教程的关键。
2.6、添加Service接口实现类
package org.codeaction.service.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
private IAccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
@Override
public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
Account src = accountDao.findById(srcId);
Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);
if(src == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出用户不存在");
}
if(dst == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转入用户不存在");
}
if(src.getMoney() < money) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出账户余额不足");
}
src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);
accountDao.update(src);
//int x = 1/0;
accountDao.update(dst);
}
}
2.7、添加Spring配置文件beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置AccountServiceImpl -->
<bean id="accountService" class="org.codeaction.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<!-- 注入dao -->
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置AccountDaoImpl -->
<bean id="accountDao" class="org.codeaction.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<!-- 注入jdbcTemplate -->
<property name="template" ref="template"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="template" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 注入数据源属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.8、添加测试类
package org.codeaction.test;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:beans.xml")
public class MyTest {
@Autowired
private IAccountService accountService;
@Test
public void testTrans() {
accountService.trans(1, 2, 100F);
}
}
运行测试方法,能够转账成功。如果在AccountServiceImpl的trans中添加int i = 1/0;
,转账失败,但是没有回滚,我们在下面的代码中添加事务控制。
三、基于XML的声明式事务控制
基于XML的声明式事务控制在上一节“环境准备”的基础上进行。
3.1、修改Spring配置文件beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 配置AccountServiceImpl -->
<bean id="accountService" class="org.codeaction.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<!-- 注入dao -->
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置AccountDaoImpl -->
<bean id="accountDao" class="org.codeaction.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<!-- 注入jdbcTemplate -->
<property name="template" ref="template"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="template" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 注入数据源属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务的通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!-- 配置事务的属性 -->
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 配置AOP -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="pt" expression="execution(* org.codeaction.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:pointcut>
<!-- 建立切入点表达式和事务通知的对应关系 -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
</beans>
Spring中基于XML的声明式事务控制配置步骤:
- 配置事务管理器;
- 配置事务的通知;
- 配置AOP中通用切入点表达式;
- 建立切入点表达式和事务通知的对应关系;
- 配置事务的属性。
事务的属性如下:
- isolation:用于指定事务的隔离级别。默认值是DEFAULT,表示使用数据库的默认隔离级别;
- propagation:用于指定事务的传播行为。默认值是REQUIRED,表示一定会有事务,增删改的选择。查询方法可以选择SUPPORTS;
- read-only:用于指定事务是否只读。只有查询方法才能设置为true。默认值是false,表示读写;
- timeout:用于指定事务的超时时间,默认值是-1,表示永不超时。如果指定了数值,以秒为单位;
- rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务回滚,产生其他异常时,事务不回滚。没有默认值。表示任何异常都回滚;
- no-rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务不回滚,产生其他异常时事务回滚。没有默认值。表示任何异常都回滚。
3.2、测试
运行转账的测试方法,能够正常转账,出现异常时,能够正常回滚。
四、基于XML和注解的声明式事务控制
4.1、修改Spring配置文件beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置Spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.codeaction"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="template" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 注入数据源属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 开启Spring对注解事务的支持 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
4.2、修改Dao接口的实现类
package org.codeaction.dao.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate template;
@Override
public Integer add(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
}
@Override
public Integer delete(Integer id) {
return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
}
@Override
public Integer update(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
return template.query("select * from account",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
@Override
public Account findById(Integer id) {
List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
}
@Override
public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
}
@Override
public Long count() {
return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
}
}
4.3、修改Service接口的实现类
package org.codeaction.service.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
@Autowired
private IAccountDao accountDao;
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
Account src = accountDao.findById(srcId);
Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);
if(src == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出用户不存在");
}
if(dst == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转入用户不存在");
}
if(src.getMoney() < money) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出账户余额不足");
}
src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);
accountDao.update(src);
//int x = 1/0;
accountDao.update(dst);
}
}
4.4、测试
运行转账的测试方法,能够正常转账,出现异常时,能够正常回滚。
五、基于纯注解的声明式事务控制
纯注解配置就用不到XML配置文件了,我们在上一节的基础上进行配置,删除beans.xml。
5.1、修改Dao接口的实现类
package org.codeaction.dao.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate template;
@Override
public Integer add(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
}
@Override
public Integer delete(Integer id) {
return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
}
@Override
public Integer update(Account account) {
Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
return template.query("select * from account",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
@Override
public Account findById(Integer id) {
List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
}
@Override
public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
}
@Override
public Long count() {
return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
}
}
5.2、修改Service接口的实现类
package org.codeaction.service.impl;
import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
@Autowired
private IAccountDao accountDao;
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
Account src = accountDao.findById(srcId);
Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);
if(src == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出用户不存在");
}
if(dst == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("转入用户不存在");
}
if(src.getMoney() < money) {
throw new RuntimeException("转出账户余额不足");
}
src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);
accountDao.update(src);
int x = 1/0;
accountDao.update(dst);
}
}
5.3、添加配置类及JDBC配置文件
5.3.1、添加JDBC配置文件
在resource目录下,文件名:jdbc.properties
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
5.3.2、添加JDBC配置类
package org.codeaction.config;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
public class JdbcConfig {
@Value("${jdbc.driverClass}")
private String driverClass;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean(name = "dataSource")
public DataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClass);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
@Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
}
5.3.3、添加事务配置类
package org.codeaction.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class TransactionConfig {
@Bean("transactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
}
这个配置类用来创建事务管理器。
5.3.4、添加主配置类
package org.codeaction.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "org.codeaction")
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class, TransactionConfig.class})
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfig {
}
这个配置类做了如下几件事:
- 声明自己是一个配置类;
- 开启包扫描,并配置要扫描的包;
- 引入JDBC配置文件;
- 引入另外的两个配置类;
- 开启Spring对注解事务的支持。
5.4、测试
运行转账的测试方法,能够正常转账,出现异常时,能够正常回滚。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/13062248.html
如有疑问请与原作者联系
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