SpringBoot自动配置原理

一.问题的引入

配置文件到底能写什么？怎么写？自动配置原理？
配置文件能配置的属性参照：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#appendix
官方文档详细的介绍了每一种能配置的属性以及解释，不过这样看起来特别麻烦。

二.自动配置原理

1）、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能@EnableAutoConfigration
2）、@EnableAutoConfigration作用：
利用AutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件？
可以查看selectImports方法的内容：

//获取候选的配置
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
      getBeanClassLoader());
     // 扫描所有jar包类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories
     // 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
     // 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中

 

将类路径下META-INF/spring.factories里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值添加到了容器中

#Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

 

每一个这样的xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器一个组件，都加入到容器中，用他们来做自动配置
3）、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能
4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration 为例解释自动配置原理

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)//表示这是一个配置类，类似于我们自己写的配置文件，给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class)
//启用指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来；
//并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到IOC容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)
//Spring底层@Conditional注解，根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类配置类里面的配置才会生效;
//判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)
//判断当前项目有没有CharacterEncodingFilter这个类；这个CharacterEncodingFilter是SpringMvc中进行乱码解决的过滤器
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置，spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在，判断也是成立的；
//即使配置文件中不配置spring.http.encoding.enabled这个属性，也是默认生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    
    //它已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
   private final HttpProperties.Encoding properties;
   //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
   public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpProperties properties) {
      this.properties = properties.getEncoding();
   }

   @Bean//给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean
   public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
      CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
      filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
      filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
      filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
      return filter;
   }

 

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效？
一旦这个配置类生效；这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件；这些组件的属性都是从对于的properties类中获取的，而这些类中的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的；
5）、所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxProperties类中封装着；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http")//从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpProperties {

   /**
    * Whether logging of (potentially sensitive) request details at DEBUG and TRACE level
    * is allowed.
    */
   private boolean logRequestDetails;

 

精髓：

1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

2）、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；

3）、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）

4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；

活用：比如随便找一个xxxAutoConfiguration类

自动配置能够起作用的原理:

1、@Conditional派生注解（Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用）
作用：必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立，才给容器中添加组件，配置配里面的所有内容才生效；

@Conditional扩展注解	作用（判断是否满足当前指定条件）
@ConditionalOnJava	系统的java版本是否符合要求
@ConditionalOnBean	容器中存在指定Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean	容器中不存在指定Bean
@ConditionalOnExpression	满足SpEL表达式指定
@ConditionalOnClass	系统中有指定的类
@ConditionalOnMissingClass	系统中没有指定的类
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate	容器中只有一个指定的Bean，或者这个Bean是首选Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty	系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnResource	类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
@ConditionalOnWebApplication	当前是web环境
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication	当前不是web环境
@ConditionalOnJndi	JNDI存在指定项

自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效；
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效?
我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性；来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效；
下面是控制台的打印片段

============================
CONDITIONS EVALUATION REPORT

============================

Positive matches:

AopAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

AopAutoConfiguration.ClassProxyingConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class ‘org.aspectj.weaver.Advice’ (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class ‘org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet’ (OnClassCondition)
- found ‘session’ scope (OnWebApplicationCondition)

Negative matches:

ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class ‘javax.jms.ConnectionFactory’ (OnClassCondition)

AopAutoConfiguration.AspectJAutoProxyingConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class ‘org.aspectj.weaver.Advice’ (OnClassCondition)

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/wujunstart/p/12168230.html
如有疑问请与原作者联系

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