Springboot源码分析之事务拦截和管理

Springboot源码分析之事务拦截和管理

摘要：

在springboot的自动装配事务里面，InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ,TransactionInterceptor,PlatformTransactionManager这三个bean都被装配进来了，InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator已经讲过了，就是一个后置处理器，并且优先级不是很高，而是最低，今天的重点是讲解后面两者之间在事务的扮演角色。TransactionInterceptor作为事务的增强子，扮演着增强处理Spring事务的核心角色。

TransactionInterceptor支撑着整个事务功能的架构，逻辑还是相对复杂的，那么现在我们切入正题来分析此拦截器是如何实现事务特性的。

Spring事务三大接口

TransactionDefinition：用于描述隔离级别、超时时间、是否为只读事务和事务传播规则

    public interface TransactionDefinition {
        int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
        int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
        int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
        int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
        int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
        int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
        int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;
        int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
        int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
        int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = 2;
        int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = 4;
        int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = 8;
        int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;
    }

TransactionStatus：代表一个事务的具体运行状态、以及保存点

    public interface TransactionStatus extends SavepointManager, Flushable {
       // 判断当前的事务是否是新事务
        boolean isNewTransaction();
       // 判断该事务里面是否含有保存点
        boolean hasSavepoint();
         // 这是事务的唯一结果是否进行回滚。因此如果你在外层给try catche住不让事务回滚，就会抛出你可能常见的异常
        void setRollbackOnly();
    
        boolean isRollbackOnly();
    
        void flush();
       // 不管是commit或者rollback了都算结束了~~~
        boolean isCompleted();
    }

一般都是使用它的实现类DefaultTransactionStatus,它是Spring默认使用的事务状态。

PlatformTransactionManager：一个高层次的接口，看名字就知道是管理事务的

    public interface PlatformTransactionManager {
        TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition var1) throws TransactionException;
    
        void commit(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;
    
        void rollback(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;
    }

事务拦截器

    public class TransactionInterceptor extends TransactionAspectSupport implements MethodInterceptor, Serializable {
        public TransactionInterceptor() {
        }
    
        public TransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager ptm, Properties attributes) {
            this.setTransactionManager(ptm);
            this.setTransactionAttributes(attributes);
        }
    
        public TransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager ptm, TransactionAttributeSource tas) {
            this.setTransactionManager(ptm);
            this.setTransactionAttributeSource(tas);
        }
    
      //最重要的方法，拦截入口
        @Nullable
        public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
            Class<?> targetClass = invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null;
            Method var10001 = invocation.getMethod();
            invocation.getClass();
            return this.invokeWithinTransaction(var10001, targetClass, invocation::proceed);
        }
    //省略无关代码......
    }

我们已经知道了，它是个MethodInterceptor，被事务拦截的方法最终都会执行到此增强器身上。
MethodInterceptor是个环绕通知，敲好符合我们的开启、提交、回滚事务等操作，源码分析可以看出，真正做事情的其实还是在父类，它有一个执行事务的模版。

TransactionAspectSupport

    public abstract class TransactionAspectSupport implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
        private static final Object DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_KEY = new Object();
        // currentTransactionStatus() 方法需要使用到它
        private static final ThreadLocal<TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo> transactionInfoHolder = new NamedThreadLocal("Current aspect-driven transaction");
        protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
        //事务管理器的名称
        @Nullable
        private String transactionManagerBeanName;
        //事务管理器
        @Nullable
        private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
        //事务属性源
        @Nullable
        private TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource;
        @Nullable
        private BeanFactory beanFactory;
        // 因为事务管理器可能也会有多个  所以此处做了一个简单的缓存~
        private final ConcurrentMap<Object, PlatformTransactionManager> transactionManagerCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(4);
    
        public TransactionAspectSupport() {
        }
    
        @Nullable
        protected static TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo currentTransactionInfo() throws NoTransactionException {
            return (TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo)transactionInfoHolder.get();
        }
        //外部调用此Static方法，可议获取到当前事务的状态  从而甚至可议手动来提交、回滚事务
        public static TransactionStatus currentTransactionStatus() throws NoTransactionException {
            TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo info = currentTransactionInfo();
            if (info != null && info.transactionStatus != null) {
                return info.transactionStatus;
            } else {
                throw new NoTransactionException("No transaction aspect-managed TransactionStatus in scope");
            }
        }
       //省略无关代码......
      // 这里可以发现，若传入的为Properties  内部是实际使用的是NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource 去匹配的，transactionAttributeSource会被覆盖的哟
        public void setTransactionAttributes(Properties transactionAttributes) {
            NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource tas = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
            tas.setProperties(transactionAttributes);
            this.transactionAttributeSource = tas;
        }
        // 根据方法和目标类来选择
        public void setTransactionAttributeSources(TransactionAttributeSource... transactionAttributeSources) {
            this.transactionAttributeSource = new CompositeTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSources);
        }
       //省略无关代码......
      // 接下来就只剩我们最为核心的处理事务的模版方法了
       @Nullable
        protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
                final InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {
    
            // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
        // 获取事务属性源~
            TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
        // 获取该方法对应的事务属性（这个特别重要）
       // 不同的事务处理方式使用不同的逻辑。对于声明式事务的处理与编程式事务的处理，重要区别在于事务属性上，因为编程式的事务处理是不需要有事务属性的
            final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null);
        // 找到一个合适的事务管理器
            final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
        // 拿到目标方法唯一标识
            final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
    
            if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
                // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
          // 看是否有必要创建一个事务，根据`事务传播行为`，做出相应的判断
                TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
    
                Object retVal;
                try {
                    // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
                    // This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
            //回调方法执行，执行目标方法（原有的业务逻辑）
                    retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                    // target invocation exception
            // 出现异常了，进行回滚（注意：并不是所有异常都会rollback的）
                    // 备注：此处若没有事务属性   会commit 兼容编程式事务吧
                    completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
                    throw ex;
                }
                finally {
            //清除信息
                    cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
                }
          // 目标方法完全执行完成后，提交事务~~~
                commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
                return retVal;
            }
            else {
          //编程式事务处理(CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) 会走这里 
            // 原理也差不太多，这里不做详解~~~~
        
                final ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new ThrowableHolder();
    
                // It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in.
                try {
                    Object result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) tm).execute(txAttr, status -> {
                        TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
                        try {
                            return invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
                        }
                        catch (Throwable ex) {
                            if (txAttr.rollbackOn(ex)) {
                                // A RuntimeException: will lead to a rollback.
                                if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
                                    throw (RuntimeException) ex;
                                }
                                else {
                                    throw new ThrowableHolderException(ex);
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                // A normal return value: will lead to a commit.
                                throwableHolder.throwable = ex;
                                return null;
                            }
                        }
                        finally {
                            cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
                        }
                    });
    
                    // Check result state: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow.
                    if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                        throw throwableHolder.throwable;
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) {
                    throw ex.getCause();
                }
                catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
                    if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                        logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
                        ex2.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable);
                    }
                    throw ex2;
                }
                catch (Throwable ex2) {
                    if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                        logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
                    }
                    throw ex2;
                }
            }
        }
      // 从容器中找到一个事务管理器
        @Nullable
        protected PlatformTransactionManager determineTransactionManager(@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr) {
            if (txAttr != null && this.beanFactory != null) {
              // qualifier 就在此处发挥作用了，他就相当于BeanName
                String qualifier = txAttr.getQualifier();
                if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
                  // 根据此名称 以及PlatformTransactionManager.class 去容器内找
                    return this.determineQualifiedTransactionManager(this.beanFactory, qualifier);  // 若没有指定qualifier   那再看看是否指定了 transactionManagerBeanName
                } else if (StringUtils.hasText(this.transactionManagerBeanName)) {
                  
                    return this.determineQualifiedTransactionManager(this.beanFactory, this.transactionManagerBeanName);
                } else {
                  // 若都没指定，那就不管了。直接根据类型去容器里找 getBean(Class)
            // 此处：若容器内有两个PlatformTransactionManager ，那就铁定会报错啦~~~
        
                    PlatformTransactionManager defaultTransactionManager = this.getTransactionManager();
                    if (defaultTransactionManager == null) {
                        defaultTransactionManager = (PlatformTransactionManager)this.transactionManagerCache.get(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_KEY);
                        if (defaultTransactionManager == null) {
                            defaultTransactionManager = (PlatformTransactionManager)this.beanFactory.getBean(PlatformTransactionManager.class);
                            this.transactionManagerCache.putIfAbsent(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_KEY, defaultTransactionManager);
                        }
                    }
    
                    return defaultTransactionManager;
                }
            } else {
              // 如果这两个都没配置，所以肯定是手动设置了PlatformTransactionManager的，那就直接返回即可
                return this.getTransactionManager();
            }
        }
    
        private PlatformTransactionManager determineQualifiedTransactionManager(BeanFactory beanFactory, String qualifier) {
            PlatformTransactionManager txManager = (PlatformTransactionManager)this.transactionManagerCache.get(qualifier);
            if (txManager == null) {
                txManager = (PlatformTransactionManager)BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils.qualifiedBeanOfType(beanFactory, PlatformTransactionManager.class, qualifier);
                this.transactionManagerCache.putIfAbsent(qualifier, txManager);
            }
    
            return txManager;
        }
    
        private String methodIdentification(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass, @Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr) {
            String methodIdentification = this.methodIdentification(method, targetClass);
            if (methodIdentification == null) {
                if (txAttr instanceof DefaultTransactionAttribute) {
                    methodIdentification = ((DefaultTransactionAttribute)txAttr).getDescriptor();
                }
    
                if (methodIdentification == null) {
                    methodIdentification = ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method, targetClass);
                }
            }
    
            return methodIdentification;
        }
    
        @Nullable
        protected String methodIdentification(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
            return null;
        }
    // 若有需要 创建一个TransactionInfo (具体的事务从事务管理器里面getTransaction())
        protected TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm, @Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {
          //赋值
            if (txAttr != null && ((TransactionAttribute)txAttr).getName() == null) {
                txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute((TransactionAttribute)txAttr) {
                    public String getName() {
                        return joinpointIdentification;
                    }
                };
            }
    // 从事务管理器里，通过txAttr拿出来一个TransactionStatus
            TransactionStatus status = null;
            if (txAttr != null) {
                if (tm != null) {
                    status = tm.getTransaction((TransactionDefinition)txAttr);
                } else if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.debug("Skipping transactional joinpoint [" + joinpointIdentification + "] because no transaction manager has been configured");
                }
            }
    // 通过TransactionStatus 等，转换成一个通用的TransactionInfo
            return this.prepareTransactionInfo(tm, (TransactionAttribute)txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
        }
        protected TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo prepareTransactionInfo(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm, @Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, String joinpointIdentification, @Nullable TransactionStatus status) {
          //构造一个TransactionInfo
            TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
            if (txAttr != null) {
                if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.trace("Getting transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
                }
               // 设置事务状态
                txInfo.newTransactionStatus(status);
            } else if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                this.logger.trace("No need to create transaction for [" + joinpointIdentification + "]: This method is not transactional.");
            }
    // 这句话是最重要的，把生成的TransactionInfo并绑定到当前线程的ThreadLocal
            txInfo.bindToThread();
            return txInfo;
        }
    //比较简单  只用用事务管理器提交事务即可~~~  具体的实现逻辑在事务管理器的commit实现里~~
        protected void commitTransactionAfterReturning(@Nullable TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo) {
            if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
                if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
                }
    
                txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
            }
    
        }
    
        protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
            if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
                if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "] after exception: " + ex);
                }
    // 如果有事务属性了，那就调用rollbackOn看看这个异常需不需要回滚
                if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
                    try {
                        txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
                    } catch (TransactionSystemException var6) {
                        this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
                        var6.initApplicationException(ex);
                        throw var6;
                    } catch (Error | RuntimeException var7) {
                        this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
                        throw var7;
                    }
                } else {
                  // 编程式事务没有事务属性，那就commit吧
                    try {
                        txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
                    } catch (TransactionSystemException var4) {
                        this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
                        var4.initApplicationException(ex);
                        throw var4;
                    } catch (Error | RuntimeException var5) {
                        this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
                        throw var5;
                    }
                }
            }
    
        }
    
        protected void cleanupTransactionInfo(@Nullable TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo) {
            if (txInfo != null) {
                txInfo.restoreThreadLocalStatus();
            }
    
        }
    
        private static class ThrowableHolderException extends RuntimeException {
            public ThrowableHolderException(Throwable throwable) {
                super(throwable);
            }
    
            public String toString() {
                return this.getCause().toString();
            }
        }
    
        private static class ThrowableHolder {
            @Nullable
            public Throwable throwable;
    
            private ThrowableHolder() {
            }
        }
    
        @FunctionalInterface
        protected interface InvocationCallback {
            Object proceedWithInvocation() throws Throwable;
        }
    
        protected final class TransactionInfo {
          // 当前事务  的事务管理器
            @Nullable
            private final PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
          // 当前事务  的事务属性
            @Nullable
            private final TransactionAttribute transactionAttribute;
          //joinpoint标识
            private final String joinpointIdentification;
          //当前事务    的TransactionStatus
            @Nullable
            private TransactionStatus transactionStatus;
          // 重点就是这个oldTransactionInfo字段
              // 这个字段保存了当前事务所在的`父事务`上下文的引用，构成了一个链，准确的说是一个有向无环图
        
            @Nullable
            private TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo oldTransactionInfo;
    
            public TransactionInfo(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager, @Nullable TransactionAttribute transactionAttribute, String joinpointIdentification) {
                this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
                this.transactionAttribute = transactionAttribute;
                this.joinpointIdentification = joinpointIdentification;
            }
    
            public PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager() {
                Assert.state(this.transactionManager != null, "No PlatformTransactionManager set");
                return this.transactionManager;
            }
    
            @Nullable
            public TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute() {
                return this.transactionAttribute;
            }
    
            public String getJoinpointIdentification() {
                return this.joinpointIdentification;
            }
            //注意这个方法名，新的一个事务status
            public void newTransactionStatus(@Nullable TransactionStatus status) {
                this.transactionStatus = status;
            }
    
            @Nullable
            public TransactionStatus getTransactionStatus() {
                return this.transactionStatus;
            }
    
            public boolean hasTransaction() {
                return this.transactionStatus != null;
            }
             //绑定当前正在处理的事务的所有信息到ThreadLocal
            private void bindToThread() {
              // 老的事务  先从线程中拿出来，再把新的（也就是当前）绑定进去~~~~~~
                this.oldTransactionInfo = (TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo)TransactionAspectSupport.transactionInfoHolder.get();
                TransactionAspectSupport.transactionInfoHolder.set(this);
            }
            //当前事务处理完之后，恢复父事务上下文
            private void restoreThreadLocalStatus() {
                TransactionAspectSupport.transactionInfoHolder.set(this.oldTransactionInfo);
            }
    
            public String toString() {
                return this.transactionAttribute != null ? this.transactionAttribute.toString() : "No transaction";
            }
        }
    }

事务管理器

AbstractPlatformTransactionManager

可见它是对PlatformTransactionManager的一个抽象实现。实现Spring的标准事务工作流
这个基类提供了以下工作流程处理：

• 确定如果有现有的事务;
• 应用适当的传播行为;
• 如果有必要暂停和恢复事务;
• 提交时检查rollback-only标记;
• 应用适当的修改当回滚(实际回滚或设置rollback-only);
  触发同步回调注册(如果事务同步是激活的)

    public abstract class AbstractPlatformTransactionManager implements PlatformTransactionManager, Serializable {
    
        //始终激活事务同步（请参阅事务的传播属性~）
        public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS = 0;
        //仅对实际事务（即，不针对由传播导致的空事务）激活事务同步\不支持现有后端事务
        public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION = 1;
        //永远不激活事务同步
        public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER = 2;
    
        // 相当于把本类的所有的public static final的变量都收集到此处~~~~
        private static final Constants constants = new Constants(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.class);
    
        // ===========默认值
        private int transactionSynchronization = SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS;
        // 事务默认的超时时间  为-1表示不超时
        private int defaultTimeout = TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
        //Set whether nested transactions are allowed. Default is "false".
        private boolean nestedTransactionAllowed = false;
        // Set whether existing transactions should be validated before participating（参与、加入）
        private boolean validateExistingTransaction = false;
        
        //设置是否仅在参与事务`失败后`将 现有事务`全局`标记为回滚  默认值是true 需要注意~~~
        // 表示只要你的事务失败了，就标记此事务为rollback-only 表示它只能给与回滚  而不能再commit或者正常结束了
        // 这个调用者经常会犯的一个错误就是：上层事务service抛出异常了，自己把它给try住，并且并且还不throw，那就肯定会报错的：
        // 报错信息：Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only
        // 当然喽，这个属性强制不建议设置为false~~~~~~
        private boolean globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure = true;
        // 如果事务被全局标记为仅回滚，则设置是否及早失败~~~~
        private boolean failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly = false;
        // 设置在@code docommit调用失败时是否应执行@code dorollback 通常不需要，因此应避免
        private boolean rollbackOnCommitFailure = false;
        
        // 我们发现使用起来有点枚举的意思了，特别是用XML配置的时候  非常像枚举的使用~~~~~~~
        // 这也是Constants的重要意义~~~~
        public final void setTransactionSynchronizationName(String constantName) {
            setTransactionSynchronization(constants.asNumber(constantName).intValue());
        }
        public final void setTransactionSynchronization(int transactionSynchronization) {
            this.transactionSynchronization = transactionSynchronization;
        }
        //... 省略上面所有字段的一些get/set方法~~~
    
        // 最为重要的一个方法，根据实物定义，获取到一个事务TransactionStatus 
        @Override
        public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
            //doGetTransaction()方法是抽象方法，具体的实现由具体的事务处理器提供（下面会以DataSourceTransactionManager为例子）
            Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
    
            //如果没有配置事务属性，则使用默认的事务属性
            if (definition == null) {
                definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
            }
    
            //检查当前线程是否存在事务  isExistingTransaction此方法默认返回false  但子类都复写了此方法
            if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
                // handleExistingTransaction方法为处理已经存在事务的情况
                // 这个方法的实现也很复杂，总之还是对一些传播属性进行解析，各种情况的考虑~~~~~ 如果有新事务产生 doBegin()就会被调用~~~~
                return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
            }
    
            // 超时时间的简单校验~~~~
            if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
            }
    
            // 处理事务属性中配置的事务传播特性==============
        
            // PROPAGATION_MANDATORY 如果已经存在一个事务，支持当前事务。如果没有一个活动的事务，则抛出异常
            if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
                throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
            }
        
            //如果事务传播特性为required、required_new或nested
            else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
                    definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
                    definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
                    
                // 挂起，但是doSuspend()由子类去实现~~~
                // 挂起操作，触发相关的挂起注册的事件，把当前线程事物的所有属性都封装好，放到一个SuspendedResourcesHolder
                // 然后清空清空一下`当前线程事务`
                SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
    
                // 此处，开始创建事务~~~~~
                try {
                    boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
    
                    // //创建一个新的事务状态  就是new DefaultTransactionStatus()  把个属性都赋值上
                    DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                            definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
                    // 开始事务，抽象方法，由子类去实现~
                    doBegin(transaction, definition);
                    //初始化和同步事务状态    是TransactionSynchronizationManager这个类  它内部维护了很多的ThreadLocal
                    prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
                    return status;
                }
                catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
                    //重新开始 doResume由子类去实现
                    resume(null, suspendedResources);
                    throw ex;
                }
            }
            // 走到这里  传播属性就是不需要事务的  那就直接创建一个
            else {
                boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
                // 这个方法相当于先newTransactionStatus,再prepareSynchronization这两步~~~
                // 显然和上面的区别是：中间不回插入调用doBegin()方法，因为没有事务  begin个啥~~
                return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
            }
        }
    
    
        // 再看看commit方法
        @Override
        public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
            //如果是一个已经完成的事物，不可重复提交
            if (status.isCompleted()) {
                throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
            }
    
            DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
            // 如果已经标记为了需要回滚，那就执行回滚吧
            if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
                processRollback(defStatus, false);
                return;
            }
    
            //  shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly这个默认值是false，目前只有JTA事务复写成true了
            // isGlobalRollbackOnly：是否标记为了全局的RollbackOnly
            if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
                processRollback(defStatus, true);
                return;
            }
            // 提交事务   这里面还是挺复杂的，会考虑到还原点、新事务、事务是否是rollback-only之类的~~
            processCommit(defStatus);
        }
    
        // rollback方法  里面doRollback方法交给子类去实现~~~
        @Override
        public final void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
            DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
            processRollback(defStatus, false);
        }
    }

从这个抽象类源码分析可以看出，它绝对是一个非常非常典型的模版实现，各个方法实现都是这样。自己先提供实现模版，很多具体的实现方案都开放给子类，比如begin,suspend, resume,commit,rollback等，相当于留好了众多的连接点

DataSourceTransactionManager

    // 它还实现了ResourceTransactionManager接口，提供了getResourceFactory()方法
    public class DataSourceTransactionManager extends AbstractPlatformTransactionManager implements ResourceTransactionManager, InitializingBean {
        // 显然它管理的就是DataSource  而JTA分布式事务管理可能就是各种各样的数据源了
        @Nullable
        private DataSource dataSource;
        // 不要强制标记为ReadOnly
        private boolean enforceReadOnly = false;
    
        // JDBC默认是允许内嵌的事务的
        public DataSourceTransactionManager() {
            setNestedTransactionAllowed(true);
        }
        public DataSourceTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
            this();
            setDataSource(dataSource);
            // 它自己的InitializingBean也是做了一个简单的校验而已~~~
            afterPropertiesSet();
        }
    
        // 手动设置数据源
        public void setDataSource(@Nullable DataSource dataSource) {
            // 这步处理有必要
            // TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy是对dataSource 的包装
            if (dataSource instanceof TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy) {
                this.dataSource = ((TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy) dataSource).getTargetDataSource();
            } else {
                this.dataSource = dataSource;
            }
        }
    
        //Return the JDBC DataSource
        @Nullable
        public DataSource getDataSource() {
            return this.dataSource;
        }
        // @since 5.0 Spring5.0提供的方法   其实还是调用的getDataSource()  判空了而已
        protected DataSource obtainDataSource() {
            DataSource dataSource = getDataSource();
            Assert.state(dataSource != null, "No DataSource set");
            return dataSource;
        }
        // 直接返回的数据源~~~~
        @Override
        public Object getResourceFactory() {
            return obtainDataSource();
        }
        ...
        // 这里返回的是一个`DataSourceTransactionObject`
        // 它是一个`JdbcTransactionObjectSupport`，所以它是SavepointManager、实现了SmartTransactionObject接口
        @Override
        protected Object doGetTransaction() {
            DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
            txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
            // 这个获取有意思~~~~相当于按照线程来的~~~
            ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(obtainDataSource());
            txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
            return txObject;
        }
    
        // 检查当前事务是否active
        @Override
        protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) {
            DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
            return (txObject.hasConnectionHolder() && txObject.getConnectionHolder().isTransactionActive());
        }
    
    
        // 这是一个核心内容了，里面逻辑需要分析分析~~~
        @Override
        protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
            DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
            Connection con = null;
    
            try {
                if (!txObject.hasConnectionHolder() || txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
                    // 从DataSource里获取一个连接（这个DataSource一般是有连接池的~~~）
                    Connection newCon = obtainDataSource().getConnection();
                    // 把这个链接用ConnectionHolder包装一下~~~
                    txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
                }
    
                txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
                con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
                
                // 设置isReadOnly、设置隔离界别等~
                Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
                txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
    
                // 这里非常的关键，先看看Connection 是否是自动提交的
                // 如果是 就con.setAutoCommit(false)  要不然数据库默认没执行一条SQL都是一个事务，就没法进行事务的管理了
                if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
                    txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
                    con.setAutoCommit(false);
                }
                // ====因此从这后面，通过此Connection执行的所有SQL语句只要没有commit就都不会提交给数据库的=====
                
                // 这个方法特别特别有意思   它自己`Statement stmt = con.createStatement()`拿到一个Statement
                // 然后执行了一句SQL：`stmt.executeUpdate("SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY");`
                // 所以，所以：如果你仅仅只是查询。把事务的属性设置为readonly=true  Spring对帮你对SQl进行优化的
                // 需要注意的是：readonly=true 后，只能读，不能进行dml操作）（只能看到设置事物前数据的变化，看不到设置事物后数据的改变）
                prepareTransactionalConnection(con, definition);
                txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);
    
                int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
                if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                    txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
                }
    
                // Bind the connection holder to the thread.
                // 这一步：就是把当前的链接 和当前的线程进行绑定~~~~
                if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
                    TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
                }
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                // 如果是新创建的链接，那就释放~~~~
                if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
                    DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, obtainDataSource());
                    txObject.setConnectionHolder(null, false);
                }
                throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
            }
        }
    
        // 真正提交事务
        @Override
        protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) { DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
            // 拿到链接  然后直接就commit了   
            Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
            try {
                con.commit();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JDBC transaction", ex);
            }
        }
        //doRollback()方法也类似  这里不再细说
    }

小结：

事务属性readonly=true后，只能读操作）（只能看到设置事物前数据的变化，看不到设置事物后数据的改变） 但是通过源码我发现，你只设置@Transactional(readOnly = true)这样是不够的，还必须在配置DataSourceTransactionManager的时候，来这么一句dataSourceTransactionManager.setEnforceReadOnly(true)，最终才会对你的只读事务进行优化~~~~
其实如果仅仅只是设置@Transactional(readOnly = true)，最终会把这个Connection设置为只读：con.setReadOnly(true); 它表示将此连接设置为只读模式，作为驱动程序启用数据库优化的提示。 将链接设置为只读模式通知数据库后，数据库会对做自己的只读优化。但是，这对数据库而言不一定对于数据库而言这就是readonly事务，这点是非常重要的。（因为毕竟一个事务内可能有多个链接.

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/qinzj/p/11437148.html
如有疑问请与原作者联系

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