SpringBoot 2.x (11):定时任务与异步任务
2019-05-13 07:16:19来源:博客园 阅读 ()
定时任务:有时候我们需要做定时的一些操作,比如统计信息,定时发送邮件等
在SpringBoot中如何进行整合和使用呢?
有哪些方式可以实现定时任务呢?
Java自带的java.util.timer:
优点:Java自带,无需导包
缺点:配置复杂,时间延后等问题
Quartz框架:
优点:配置简单,使用方便
缺点:需要导包
@EnableSchedule:
优点:SpringBoot自带,高兼容,无需导包
使用:
在启动类加入@EnableScheduling注解
package org.dreamtech.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling; @SpringBootApplication @EnableScheduling public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
定义Task:
package org.dreamtech.demo.task; import java.util.Date; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class TestTask { @Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000) public void test() { System.out.println("[ " + "当前时间 : " + new Date() + " ]"); } }
效果:控制台每过两秒打印一次当前时间
[ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:42 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:44 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:46 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:48 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:50 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:52 CST 2019 ] [ 当前时间 : Fri May 10 14:01:54 CST 2019 ]
使用CRON表达式:
每两秒执行一次的另一种表达方式:
@Scheduled(cron = "*/2 * * * * *")
关于CRON表达式的百度即可,一堆介绍,我就不多写了
异步任务:适用于发送短信、邮件、处理Log等问题
为什么需要异步任务?
比如电商网站用户下单,要做的事情有这几样:库存查询、用户校验、余额校验等
SpringBoot使用异步任务:@EnableAsync注解
基本实现:
启动类加入@EnableAsync注解
package org.dreamtech.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; @SpringBootApplication @EnableAsync public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
定义任务类:这里模拟耗时的操作
package org.dreamtech.demo.task; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Async public class AsyncTask { public void test1() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(1000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务1耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); } public void test2() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(2000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务2耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); } public void test3() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(3000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务2耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); } }
Controller层做测试:
package org.dreamtech.demo.controller; import org.dreamtech.demo.task.AsyncTask; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class TestController { @Autowired private AsyncTask task; @GetMapping("/test") private Object test() { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { task.test1(); task.test2(); task.test3(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "Controller耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); return "test"; } }
访问localhost:8080/test打印如下:
[ Controller耗时 : 4 ] [ 任务1耗时 : 1000 ] [ 任务2耗时 : 2000 ] [ 任务2耗时 : 3000 ]
结论:异步任务的执行类似多线程,可以用来做一些耗时操作
有时候需要某个任务确定执行完毕才能继续其他操作
如何获取任务的执行结果呢?
package org.dreamtech.demo.task; import java.util.concurrent.Future; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Async public class AsyncTask { public Future<String> test1() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(1000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务1耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); return new AsyncResult<String>("任务1"); } public Future<String> test2() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(2000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务2耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); return new AsyncResult<String>("任务2"); } public Future<String> test3() throws InterruptedException { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(3000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "任务3耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); return new AsyncResult<String>("任务3"); } }
Controller:
package org.dreamtech.demo.controller; import java.util.concurrent.Future; import org.dreamtech.demo.task.AsyncTask; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class TestController { @Autowired private AsyncTask task; @GetMapping("/test") private Object test() { long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { Future<String> task1Result = task.test1(); Future<String> task2Result = task.test2(); Future<String> task3Result = task.test3(); while (true) { if (task1Result.isDone() && task2Result.isDone() && task3Result.isDone()) { break; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("[ " + "Controller耗时 : " + (end - begin) + " ]"); return "test"; } }
访问localhost:8080/test
等待3秒之后,打印如下:
[ 任务1耗时 : 1001 ] [ 任务2耗时 : 2001 ] [ 任务3耗时 : 3001 ] [ Controller耗时 : 3007 ]
只有三个任务都完成,Controller层代码才会执行完毕
总结:异步任务大大地提高了开发的效率
顺便来记录Logback的使用:
Logback:一款优秀的日志框架
SpringBoot的Starter默认日志框架:Logback,默认级别:INFO
如果我们想以DEBUG方式启动:java -jar springboot.jar --debug
配置文件:官方推荐名称logback-spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <configuration> <appender name="consoleApp" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> <pattern> %date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level[%thread]%logger{56}.%method:%L -%msg%n </pattern> </layout> </appender> <appender name="fileInfoApp" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"> <level>ERROR</level> <onMatch>DENY</onMatch> <onMismatch>ACCEPT</onMismatch> </filter> <encoder> <pattern> %date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level[%thread]%logger{56}.%method:%L -%msg%n </pattern> </encoder> <!-- 滚动策略 --> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <!-- 路径 --> <fileNamePattern>app_log/log/app.info.%d.log</fileNamePattern> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <appender name="fileErrorApp" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"> <level>ERROR</level> </filter> <encoder> <pattern> %date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level[%thread]%logger{56}.%method:%L -%msg%n </pattern> </encoder> <!-- 设置滚动策略 --> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <!-- 路径 --> <fileNamePattern>app_log/log/app.err.%d.log</fileNamePattern> <!-- 控制保留的归档文件的最大数量,超出数量就删除旧文件,假设设置每个月滚动, 且<maxHistory> 是1,则只保存最近1个月的文件,删除之前的旧文件 --> <MaxHistory>1</MaxHistory> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <root level="INFO"> <appender-ref ref="consoleApp" /> <appender-ref ref="fileInfoApp" /> <appender-ref ref="fileErrorApp" /> </root> </configuration>
使用和测试:
package org.dreamtech.demo.controller; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class TestController { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @GetMapping("/log") private Object log() { logger.debug("test"); logger.info("test"); logger.warn("test"); logger.error("test"); return "log"; } }
访问localhost:8080/log
会在项目目录生成一个新目录app_log
存在两个文件:一个用来存放ERROR级别信息,一个存放INFO级别和WARN级别
2019-05-11 12:53:53.668 ERROR[http-nio-8080-exec-1]org.dreamtech.demo.controller.TestController.log:18 -test
2019-05-11 12:53:36.264 INFO [main]org.dreamtech.demo.DemoApplication.logStarting:50 -Starting DemoApplication on DESKTOP-59O94TD with PID 14180 (D:\PROJECT\STS_PROJECT\demo\target\classes started by 20235 in D:\PROJECT\STS_PROJECT\demo) 2019-05-11 12:53:36.266 INFO [main]org.dreamtech.demo.DemoApplication.logStartupProfileInfo:675 -No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2019-05-11 12:53:37.019 INFO [main]o.s.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize:90 -Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2019-05-11 12:53:37.031 INFO [main]org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol.log:173 -Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] 2019-05-11 12:53:37.039 INFO [main]org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.log:173 -Starting service [Tomcat] 2019-05-11 12:53:37.041 INFO [main]org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.log:173 -Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.17] 2019-05-11 12:53:37.122 INFO [main]o.a.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/].log:173 -Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2019-05-11 12:53:37.122 INFO [main]org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.prepareWebApplicationContext:296 -Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 824 ms 2019-05-11 12:53:37.289 INFO [main]o.s.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.initialize:171 -Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2019-05-11 12:53:37.413 INFO [main]org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol.log:173 -Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] 2019-05-11 12:53:37.447 INFO [main]o.s.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.start:204 -Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2019-05-11 12:53:37.450 INFO [main]org.dreamtech.demo.DemoApplication.logStarted:59 -Started DemoApplication in 1.528 seconds (JVM running for 2.39) 2019-05-11 12:53:53.641 INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1]o.a.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/].log:173 -Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2019-05-11 12:53:53.642 INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1]org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.initServletBean:524 -Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2019-05-11 12:53:53.650 INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1]org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.initServletBean:546 -Completed initialization in 8 ms 2019-05-11 12:53:53.668 INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1]org.dreamtech.demo.controller.TestController.log:16 -test 2019-05-11 12:53:53.668 WARN [http-nio-8080-exec-1]org.dreamtech.demo.controller.TestController.log:17 -test 2019-05-11 12:54:23.513 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1]o.s.b.a.SpringApplicationAdminMXBeanRegistrar$SpringApplicationAdmin.shutdown:163 -Application shutdown requested. 2019-05-11 12:54:23.515 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1]o.s.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.shutdown:208 -Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuyiqing/p/10843960.html
如有疑问请与原作者联系
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