Spring注解IOC/DI(4)

2019-03-10 11:55:36来源：博客园阅读 ()

2019-03-08/11:10:17

演示:使用注解的方式完成注入对象中的效果

注解参考链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/szlbm/p/5512931.html

Spring中id与name的区别:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22063697/article/details/51912386

1.修改applicationContext.xml

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 4     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="
 6    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 7    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
 8    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 9    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
10    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
11    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
12    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
13    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
14   
15     <context:annotation-config/>   //告诉Spring用注解的方式进行配置
16     <bean name="c" class="pojo.Category">
17         <property name="name" value="category 1" />
18     </bean>
19     <bean name="p" class="pojo.Product">
20         <property name="name" value="product1" />
21 <!--         <property name="category" ref="c" /> -->   //用注解的方式替代
22     </bean>
23   
24 </beans>

2.在Product.java的category属性前加上@Autowired注解

　　@Autowired:顾名思义，就是自动装配，其作用是为了消除代码Java代码里面的getter/setter与bean属性中的property。当然，getter看个人需求，如果私有属性需要对外提供的话，应当予以保留。例子中统一不去掉get和set.

 1 package pojo;
 2  
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 4  
 5 public class Product {
 6  
 7     private int id;
 8     private String name;
 9     @Autowired
10     private Category category;
11  
12     public int getId() {
13         return id;
14     }
15  
16     public void setId(int id) {
17         this.id = id;
18     }
19  
20     public String getName() {
21         return name;
22     }
23  
24     public void setName(String name) {
25         this.name = name;
26     }
27  
28     public Category getCategory() {
29         return category;
30     }
31  
32     public void setCategory(Category category) {
33         this.category = category;
34     }
35 }

Product.java

3.测试代码

 1 package test;
 2  
 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 5  
 6 import pojo.Product;
 7  
 8 public class TestSpring {
 9  
10     public static void main(String[] args) {
11         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });
12         Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p");
13         System.out.println(p.getName());
14         System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName());
15     }
16 }

TestSpring

4.@Autowired的位置

除了前面的在属性前加上@Autowired这种方式外，也可以在setCategory方法前加上@Autowired，这样来达到相同的效果

 1 package pojo;
 2  
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 4  
 5 public class Product {
 6  
 7     private int id;
 8     private String name;
 9      
10     private Category category;
11  
12     public int getId() {
13         return id;
14     }
15  
16     public void setId(int id) {
17         this.id = id;
18     }
19  
20     public String getName() {
21         return name;
22     }
23  
24     public void setName(String name) {
25         this.name = name;
26     }
27  
28     public Category getCategory() {
29         return category;
30     }
31     @Autowired
32     public void setCategory(Category category) {
33         this.category = category;
34     }
35 }

View Code

5.@Resource

@Resource注解与@Autowired它们作用非常相似，这个就简单说了，例子过后点明一下@Resource和@Autowired的区别。先看一下@Resource，直接写Product.java了：

 1 package pojo;
 2  
 3 import javax.annotation.Resource;
 4  
 5 public class Product {
 6  
 7     private int id;
 8     private String name;
 9     @Resource(name="c")
10     private Category category;
11  
12     public int getId() {
13         return id;
14     }
15  
16     public void setId(int id) {
17         this.id = id;
18     }
19  
20     public String getName() {
21         return name;
22     }
23  
24     public void setName(String name) {
25         this.name = name;
26     }
27  
28     public Category getCategory() {
29         return category;
30     }
31      
32     public void setCategory(Category category) {
33         this.category = category;
34     }
35 }

Product.java

6.@Resource与@Autowired　

@Resource的装配顺序：

1、@Resource后面没有任何内容，默认通过name属性去匹配bean，找不到再按type去匹配

2、指定了name或者type则根据指定的类型去匹配bean

3、指定了name和type则根据指定的name和type去匹配bean，任何一个不匹配都将报错

然后，区分一下@Autowired和@Resource两个注解的区别：

1、@Autowired默认按照byType方式进行bean匹配，@Resource默认按照byName方式进行bean匹配

2、@Autowired是Spring的注解，@Resource是J2EE的注解，这个看一下导入注解的时候这两个注解的包名就一清二楚了

Spring属于第三方的，J2EE是Java自己的东西，因此，建议使用@Resource注解，以减少代码和Spring之间的耦合。

7.对Bean的注解 @Component

上面这个例子，还可以继续简化，因为spring的配置文件里面还有16行~20行两个个bean，下一步的简化是把这两个bean也给去掉，使得spring配置文件里面只有一个自动扫描的标签，增强Java代码的内聚性并进一步减少配置文件。

要继续简化，可以使用@Componet。先看一下配置文件，当然是全部删除了：

<context:component-scan base-package="pojo"/> 其作用时告诉Spring,bean都放在pojo这个包下面

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 4     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="
 6    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 7    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
 8    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 9    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
10    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
11    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
12    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
13    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
14   
15     <context:component-scan base-package="pojo"/>
16      
17 </beans>

8.@Component

　　Product类加上@Component注解，即表明此类是bean @Autowired注入Category对象不能取消

　　Category类加上@Component注解，即表明此类是bean

　　另外，因为配置从applicationContext.xml中移出来了，所以属性初始化放在属性声明上进行了。

 1 package pojo;
 2  
 3 import javax.annotation.Resource;
 4  
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 6 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 7  
 8 @Component("p")
 9 public class Product {
10  
11     private int id;
12     private String name="product 1";
13      
14     @Autowired
15     private Category category;
16  
17     public int getId() {
18         return id;
19     }
20  
21     public void setId(int id) {
22         this.id = id;
23     }
24  
25     public String getName() {
26         return name;
27     }
28  
29     public void setName(String name) {
30         this.name = name;
31     }
32  
33     public Category getCategory() {
34         return category;
35     }
36      
37     public void setCategory(Category category) {
38         this.category = category;
39     }
40 }

Product.java

 1 package pojo;
 2  
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 4  
 5 @Component("c")
 6 public class Category {
 7     
 8     private int id;
 9     private String name="category 1";
10   
11     public int getId() {
12         return id;
13     }
14     public void setId(int id) {
15         this.id = id;
16     }
17     public String getName() {
18         return name;
19     }
20     public void setName(String name) {
21         this.name = name;
22     }
23    
24 }

Category.java

 1 package test;
 2  
 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 5  
 6 import pojo.Product;
 7  
 8 public class TestSpring {
 9  
10     public static void main(String[] args) {
11         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });
12         Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p");
13         System.out.println(p.getName());
14         System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName());
15     }
16 }