Java并发（十三）：并发工具类——同步屏障Cycli…

2018-11-20 03:23:06来源：博客园阅读 ()

CyclicBarrier 的字面意思是可循环使用（Cyclic）的屏障（Barrier）。它要做的事情是，让一组线程到达一个屏障（也可以叫同步点）时被阻塞，直到最后一个线程到达屏障时，屏障才会开门，所有被屏障拦截的线程才会继续干活。

一、应用举例

public class CyclicBarrierTest {
    private static CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

    static class CyclicBarrierThread extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "到了");
            try {
                cyclicBarrier.await();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(5, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("人到齐了，开会吧....");
            }
        });

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new CyclicBarrierThread().start();
        }
    }
}

二、类结构

public class CyclicBarrier {
    private static class Generation { // 内部类，当有parties个线程到达barrier,就会更新换代
        boolean broken = false; // 是否损坏
    }
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); // 重入锁
    private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();
    private final int parties; // 等待线程总数量
    private final Runnable barrierCommand; // 达到等待线程数量后执行的线程
    private Generation generation = new Generation(); // 当有parties个线程到达barrier,就会更新换代
    private int count; // 记录当前线程数量 
    
    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
        if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.parties = parties;
        this.count = parties;
        this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
    }

    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
        this(parties, null);
    }
}

三、原理解析

    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
        try {
            return dowait(false, 0L);
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen
        }
    }
    
    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException, TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;
            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier(); // 代失效，唤醒所有线程
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int index = --count; // 计数
            if (index == 0) { // 达到要求数量
                boolean ranAction = false;
                try {
                    final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                    if (command != null)
                        command.run(); // 达到等待线程数量后执行barrierCommand
                    ranAction = true;
                    nextGeneration(); // 唤醒本代所有线程，生成新一代，重置count
                    return 0;
                } finally {
                    if (!ranAction)
                        breakBarrier();
                }
            }

            // 线程数量未达到要求数量,将线程挂起等待
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await(); // 将线程加入condition队列挂起
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && !g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                // 特殊情况处理
                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();
                if (g != generation)
                    return index;
                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    // 代失效，唤醒所有线程
    private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        trip.signalAll();
    }

    // 唤醒本代所有线程，生成新一代，重置count
    private void nextGeneration() {
        trip.signalAll();
        count = parties;
        generation = new Generation();
    }