Spring Boot定时任务应用实践

2018-06-27 09:59:45来源：未知阅读 ()

在Spring Boot中实现定时任务功能，可以通过Spring自带的定时任务调度，也可以通过集成经典开源组件Quartz实现任务调度。

一、Spring定时器

1、cron表达式方式

使用自带的定时任务，非常简单，只需要像下面这样，加上注解就好，不需要像普通定时任务框架那样继承任何定时处理接口，简单示例代码如下：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.simple;

import com.power.demo.util.DateTimeUtil;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringTaskA {

    /**
     * CRON表达式参考：http://cron.qqe2.com/
     **/
    @Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * ?", zone = "GMT+8:00")
    private void timerCron() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(timerCron)%s 每隔5秒执行一次，记录日志", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));

    }

}

SpringTaskA

上述代码中，在一个类上添加@EnableScheduling注解，在方法上加上@Scheduled，配置下cron表达式，一个最最简单的cron定时任务就完成了。cron表达式的各个组成部分，可以参考下面：

@Scheduled(cron = "[Seconds] [Minutes] [Hours] [Day of month] [Month] [Day of week] [Year]")

2、fixedRate和fixedDelay

@Scheduled注解除了cron表达式，还有其他配置方式，比如fixedRate和fixedDelay，下面这个示例通过配置方式的不同，实现不同形式的定时任务调度，示例代码如下：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.simple;

import com.power.demo.util.DateTimeUtil;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringTaskB {

    /*fixedRate:上一次开始执行时间点之后5秒再执行*/
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
    public void timerFixedRate() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(fixedRate)现在时间：%s", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));
    }

    /*fixedDelay:上一次执行完毕时间点之后5秒再执行*/
    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000)
    public void timerFixedDelay() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(fixedDelay)现在时间：%s", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));

    }

    /*第一次延迟2秒后执行，之后按fixedDelay的规则每5秒执行一次*/
    @Scheduled(initialDelay = 2000, fixedDelay = 5000)
    public void timerInitDelay() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(initDelay)现在时间：%s", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));
    }

}

SpringTaskB

注意一下主要区别：

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000) ：上一次开始执行时间点之后5秒再执行

@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000) ：上一次执行完毕时间点之后5秒再执行

@Scheduled(initialDelay=2000, fixedDelay=5000) ：第一次延迟2秒后执行，之后按fixedDelay的规则每5秒执行一次

有时候，很多项目我们都需要配置好定时任务后立即执行一次，initialDelay就可以不用配置了。

3、zone

@Scheduled注解还有一个熟悉的属性zone，表示时区，通常，如果不写，定时任务将使用服务器的默认时区；如果你的任务想在特定时区特定时间点跑起来，比如常见的多语言系统可能会定时跑脚本更新数据，就可以设置一个时区，如东八区，就可以设置为：

zone = "GMT+8:00"

二、Quartz

Quartz是应用最为广泛的开源任务调度框架之一，有很多公司都根据它实现自己的定时任务管理系统。Quartz提供了最常用的两种定时任务触发器，即SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger，本文以最广泛使用的CronTrigger为例。

1、添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

quartz

2、配置cron表达式

示例代码需要，在application.properties文件中新增如下配置：

## Quartz定时job配置
job.taska.cron=*/3 * * * * ?
job.taskb.cron=*/7 * * * * ?
job.taskmail.cron=*/5 * * * * ?

cron-config

其实，我们完全可以不用配置，直接在代码里面写或者持久化在DB中然后读取也可以。

3、添加定时任务实现

任务1：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz;

import com.power.demo.util.DateTimeUtil;
import org.quartz.DisallowConcurrentExecution;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

import java.util.Date;


@DisallowConcurrentExecution
public class QuartzTaskA implements Job {

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext var1) throws JobExecutionException {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(QuartzTaskA)%s 每隔3秒执行一次，记录日志", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));

    }
}

QuartzTaskA

任务2：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz;

import com.power.demo.util.DateTimeUtil;
import org.quartz.DisallowConcurrentExecution;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

import java.util.Date;

@DisallowConcurrentExecution
public class QuartzTaskB implements Job {

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext var1) throws JobExecutionException {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("(QuartzTaskB)%s 每隔7秒执行一次，记录日志", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));

    }
}

QuartzTaskB

定时发送邮件任务：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz;

import com.power.demo.service.contract.MailService;
import com.power.demo.util.DateTimeUtil;
import com.power.demo.util.PowerLogger;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.quartz.DisallowConcurrentExecution;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import java.util.Date;


@DisallowConcurrentExecution
public class MailSendTask implements Job {

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext var1) throws JobExecutionException {

        System.out.println(String.format("(MailSendTask)%s 每隔5秒发送邮件", DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(new Date())));

        try {
            //Thread.sleep(1);
            DateTime dtNow = new DateTime(new Date());

            Date startTime = dtNow.minusMonths(1).toDate();//一个月前

            Date endTime = dtNow.plusDays(1).toDate();

            mailService.autoSend(startTime, endTime);

            PowerLogger.info(String.format("发送邮件，开始时间：%s,结束时间：%s"
                    , DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(startTime), DateTimeUtil.fmtDate(endTime)));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            PowerLogger.info(String.format("发送邮件，出现异常：%s,结束时间：%s", e));
        }

    }
}

MailSendTask

实现任务看上去非常简单，继承Quartz的Job接口，重写execute方法即可。

4、集成Quartz定时任务

怎么让Spring自动识别初始化Quartz定时任务实例呢？这就需要引用Spring管理的Bean，向Spring容器暴露所必须的bean，通过定义Job Factory实现自动注入。

首先，添加Spring注入的Job Factory类：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.config;

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory;

public final class AutowireBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory
        implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;

    /**
     * Spring提供了一种机制让你可以获取ApplicationContext，即ApplicationContextAware接口
     * 对于一个实现了ApplicationContextAware接口的类，Spring会实例化它的同时调用它的
     * public voidsetApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException;接口，
     * 将该bean所属上下文传递给它。
     **/
    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {
        beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
    }

    @Override
    protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle)
            throws Exception {
        final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
        beanFactory.autowireBean(job);
        return job;
    }
}

AutowireBeanJobFactory

定义QuartzConfig：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("quartzTaskATrigger")
    private CronTriggerFactoryBean quartzTaskATrigger;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("quartzTaskBTrigger")
    private CronTriggerFactoryBean quartzTaskBTrigger;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("mailSendTrigger")
    private CronTriggerFactoryBean mailSendTrigger;

    //Quartz中的job自动注入spring容器托管的对象
    @Bean
    public AutowireBeanJobFactory autoWiringSpringBeanJobFactory() {
        return new AutowireBeanJobFactory();
    }

    @Bean
    public SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean() {
        SchedulerFactoryBean scheduler = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
        scheduler.setJobFactory(autoWiringSpringBeanJobFactory());  //配置Spring注入的Job类

        //设置CronTriggerFactoryBean，设定任务Trigger
        scheduler.setTriggers(
                quartzTaskATrigger.getObject(),
                quartzTaskBTrigger.getObject(),
                mailSendTrigger.getObject()
        );
        return scheduler;
    }

}

QuartzConfig

接着配置job明细：

package com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.config;

import com.power.demo.common.AppField;
import com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.MailSendTask;
import com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.QuartzTaskA;
import com.power.demo.scheduledtask.quartz.QuartzTaskB;
import com.power.demo.util.ConfigUtil;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class TaskSetting {

    @Bean(name = "quartzTaskA")
    public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailAFactoryBean() {
        //生成JobDetail
        JobDetailFactoryBean factory = new JobDetailFactoryBean();
        factory.setJobClass(QuartzTaskA.class);  //设置对应的Job
        factory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        factory.setName("quartzTaskAJob");
        factory.setDurability(false);
        factory.setDescription("测试任务A");

        return factory;
    }

    @Bean(name = "quartzTaskATrigger")
    public CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerAFactoryBean() {

        String cron = ConfigUtil.getConfigVal(AppField.JOB_TASKA_CRON);

        CronTriggerFactoryBean stFactory = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
        //设置JobDetail
        stFactory.setJobDetail(jobDetailAFactoryBean().getObject());
        stFactory.setStartDelay(1000);
        stFactory.setName("quartzTaskATrigger");
        stFactory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        stFactory.setCronExpression(cron);

        return stFactory;
    }

    @Bean(name = "quartzTaskB")
    public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailBFactoryBean() {
        //生成JobDetail
        JobDetailFactoryBean factory = new JobDetailFactoryBean();
        factory.setJobClass(QuartzTaskB.class);  //设置对应的Job
        factory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        factory.setName("quartzTaskBJob");
        factory.setDurability(false);
        factory.setDescription("测试任务B");

        return factory;
    }

    @Bean(name = "quartzTaskBTrigger")
    public CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerBFactoryBean() {

        String cron = ConfigUtil.getConfigVal(AppField.JOB_TASKB_CRON);

        CronTriggerFactoryBean stFactory = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
        //设置JobDetail
        stFactory.setJobDetail(jobDetailBFactoryBean().getObject());
        stFactory.setStartDelay(1000);
        stFactory.setName("quartzTaskBTrigger");
        stFactory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        stFactory.setCronExpression(cron);

        return stFactory;
    }

    @Bean(name = "mailSendTask")
    public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailMailFactoryBean() {
        //生成JobDetail
        JobDetailFactoryBean factory = new JobDetailFactoryBean();
        factory.setJobClass(MailSendTask.class);  //设置对应的Job
        factory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        factory.setName("mailSendTaskJob");
        factory.setDurability(false);
        factory.setDescription("邮件发送任务");

        return factory;
    }

    @Bean(name = "mailSendTrigger")
    public CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerMailFactoryBean() {

        String cron = ConfigUtil.getConfigVal(AppField.JOB_TASKMAIL_CRON);

        CronTriggerFactoryBean stFactory = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
        //设置JobDetail
        stFactory.setJobDetail(jobDetailMailFactoryBean().getObject());
        stFactory.setStartDelay(1000);
        stFactory.setName("mailSendTrigger");
        stFactory.setGroup("quartzTaskGroup");
        stFactory.setCronExpression(cron);

        return stFactory;
    }

}