Servlet案例3：验证码功能

2018-06-18 03:30:02来源：未知阅读 ()

这里介绍简单的验证码功能

动态生成图片

一个简单的页面：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
    function changeImg(obj){
        obj.src="/WEB4/checkImg?time="+new Date().getTime();
    }
</script>

</head>
<body>    
    <form action="/WEB13/login" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
        验证码：<input type="text" name="username"><img onclick="changeImg(this)" src="/WEB4/checkImg"><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="登录"><br/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

简单的JS代码实现点击验证码图片刷新

验证码功能：

package demo;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 验证码生成程序
 * 
 * 
 * 
 */
public class CheckImgServlet extends HttpServlet {

    // 集合中保存所有成语
    private List<String> words = new ArrayList<String>();

    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        // 初始化阶段，读取new_words.txt
        // web工程中读取 文件，必须使用绝对磁盘路径
        String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/new_words.txt");
        try {
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                words.add(line);
            }
            reader.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 禁止缓存
        // response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        // response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        // response.setDateHeader("Expires", -1);

        int width = 120;
        int height = 30;

        // 步骤一 绘制一张内存中图片
        BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        // 步骤二 图片绘制背景颜色 ---通过绘图对象
        Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();// 得到画图对象 --- 画笔
        // 绘制任何图形之前 都必须指定一个颜色
        graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

        // 步骤三 绘制边框
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);

        // 步骤四 四个随机数字
        Graphics2D graphics2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
        // 设置输出字体
        graphics2d.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 18));

        Random random = new Random();// 生成随机数
        int index = random.nextInt(words.size());
        String word = words.get(index);// 获得成语

        // 定义x坐标
        int x = 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
            // 随机颜色
            graphics2d.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
                    .nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
            // 旋转 -30 --- 30度
            int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
            // 换算弧度
            double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;

            // 获得字母数字
            char c = word.charAt(i);

            // 将c 输出到图片
            graphics2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
            graphics2d.drawString(String.valueOf(c), x, 20);
            graphics2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
            x += 30;
        }

        // 将验证码内容保存session
        request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode_session", word);

        // 步骤五 绘制干扰线
        graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        int x1;
        int x2;
        int y1;
        int y2;
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            x1 = random.nextInt(width);
            x2 = random.nextInt(12);
            y1 = random.nextInt(height);
            y2 = random.nextInt(12);
            graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, x2 + y2);
        }

        // 将上面图片输出到浏览器 ImageIO
        graphics.dispose();// 释放资源
        
        //将图片写到response.getOutputStream()中
        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());

    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    /**
     * 取其某一范围的color
     * 
     * @param fc
     *            int 范围参数1
     * @param bc
     *            int 范围参数2
     * @return Color
     */
    private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        // 取其随机颜色
        Random random = new Random();
        if (fc > 255) {
            fc = 255;
        }
        if (bc > 255) {
            bc = 255;
        }
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

}

View Code

这里采用的是成语的验证码，将很多个成语存到WEB-INF目录下一个文本中，每行一个即可

补上web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>WEB4</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>CheckImgServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>CheckImgServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>demo.CheckImgServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>CheckImgServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/checkImg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

View Code

接下来是验证码校验功能：

session的简单应用

上边验证码中已经将验证码加入了session中：

request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode_session", word);

接下来就是验证码的校验：

package login;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        
        //验证码校验
        //获得页面输入的验证
        String checkCode_client = request.getParameter("checkCode");
        //获得生成图片的文字的验证码
        String checkCode_session = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("checkcode_session");
        //比对页面的和生成图片的文字的验证码是否一致
        if(!checkCode_session.equals(checkCode_client)){
            //错误信息提示
            request.setAttribute("loginInfo", "您的验证码不正确");
            //跳回登录页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }
        
        
        //获得页面的用户名和密码进行数据库的校验
        //具体方法在前几篇文章中有详细
        //......
        
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}