搭建hibernate
2018-06-18 02:36:43来源:未知 阅读 ()
需要导入的hibernate的包
其中所需要的依赖包
需要的配置文件
一个是元数据orm的配置文件
例如
package com.fmt.hibernate;public class Customer {
/*
* CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
`cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
`cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
`cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
`cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
`cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
`cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
`cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
`cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long cust_id; private String cust_name; private String cust_source; private String cust_industry; private String cust_level; private String cust_linkman; private String cust_phone; private String cust_mobile; public Long getCust_id() { return cust_id;
} public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) { this.cust_id = cust_id;
} public String getCust_name() { return cust_name;
} public void setCust_name(String cust_name) { this.cust_name = cust_name;
} public String getCust_source() { return cust_source;
} public void setCust_source(String cust_source) { this.cust_source = cust_source;
} public String getCust_industry() { return cust_industry;
} public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) { this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
} public String getCust_level() { return cust_level;
} public void setCust_level(String cust_level) { this.cust_level = cust_level;
} public String getCust_linkman() { return cust_linkman;
} public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) { this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
} public String getCust_phone() { return cust_phone;
} public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) { this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
} public String getCust_mobile() { return cust_mobile;
} public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) { this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
} @Override
public String toString() { return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
}
}
当前一个Customer对象 需要建立他相应的xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><!-- 配置与表实体对象的关系--><!-- package属性,填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的书写,可以直接写--><hibernate-mapping package="com.fmt.hibernate">
<!--
class元素:配置实体与表的对应关系
name:完整类名
table:表名
-->
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer">
<!-- id:配置主键映射
name:填写主键对应属性名
column:填写表中的主键列明
-->
<id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
<!-- 主键生成策略-->
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<!--property 除id之外的普通属性映射
name:属性名
column(可选):填写;列名默认值是属性名
type(可选) 填写属性的类型。hibernate会自动检测试题的属性类型
每个类型有三种添发:java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)不为空,默认值为false
length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度,默认值;当前数据库中的最大长度
-->
<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" not-null="true">
<!--<column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar"></column>-->
</property>
<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source"></property>
<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry"></property>
<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level"></property>
<property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman"></property>
<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone"></property>
<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile"></property>
</class></hibernate-mapping>
接下啦是hibernate的主配置文件最重要的该文件的文件名字必须是hibernate.cfg.xml,同时在src的目录
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><!--hibernate主配置文件--><hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!--五个必选配置
hibernate.connection.driver_class:驱动
hibernate.connection.url:数据库url
hibernate.connection.username:用户名
hibernate.connection.password:用户名密码
hibernate.dialect:数据库方言
不同数据库中的,sql语法略有不同,指定方言可以让hibernate框架在生成sql语句时,针对数据库的方言生成
sql99标准:DDL/DML/DCL
-->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- hibernate 显示sql语句然后格式化sql-->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<!--
##auto schema export 自动导出表结构,自动建表
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create 自动建表,每次框架运行都会建立新的表,以前的表将会被覆盖,表数据会丢失(开发测试使用)
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 自动建表,每次框架运行都会将表删除(开发环境测试还用)
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update (推荐使用) 自动生成表,如果存在不会再生成,如果表有变动,自动更新表(不会生成任何数据)
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate 校验不主动生成表,每次启动会校验数据库中表是否正确,校验失败抛出异常(举例删除了表就会有异常)
-->
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 引入orm元数据 填写src路径下-->
<mapping resource="com/fmt/hibernate/Customer.cfg.xml"/>
</session-factory></hibernate-configuration>
代码的增删改查
@Test
public void fun1(){ //1创建,调用空参构造
Configuration conf=new Configuration(); //2读取配置文件,j加载src下的Hibernate.cfg.xml文件
conf.configure(); //根据配置,创建SessionFactory对象
//SessionFaction就是用来创建Session的
//sessionFactory 负责保存和使用所有配置信息,消耗内存资源较大
//sessionFactory 属于线程安全的对象设计
//所以SessionnFactory全局唯一
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory(); //session对象是表达hibernate框架与数据库之间的连接可以理解为JDBC中的connection对象,但同时可以操作sql,是hibernate的核心对象
//获取Session
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); //获取线程绑定的session// Session currentSession = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
//获取操作事务// Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction();
//开启事务病获得操作事务(建议使用)
Transaction transaction1 = session.beginTransaction(); /*
保存
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("jd");
session.save(customer);
*/
/*
查询
session.get 第一个参数是类,第二个是主键id
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
System.out.println(customer);
*/
/*
修改
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
customer.setCust_name("百度");
session.update(customer);
*/
/*
删除
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
customer.setCust_name("百度");
session.delete(customer);
*/
transaction1.commit();//提交// transaction1.rollback();//回滚
session.close();//释放资源
sessionFactory.close();//释放资源
}
实体类创建注意事项
-
持久化提供无参构造
-
成员变量私有,提供共有get/set方法访问,需提供属性
-
持久化类的属性,应尽量使用包装类型
-
持久化需要提供oid,与数据库中的主键列对应(如果一个表没有主键,无法映射到hibernate表中,主键相同hibernate认为对象相同)
-
不要用final修饰class(hibernate使用cglib代理生成代理对象,代理对象是继承被代理对象,如果被final修改将无法生成代理)
主键生成策略
在元对象xml中
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer">
<!-- id:配置主键映射
name:填写主键对应属性名
column:填写表中的主键列明
-->
<id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
<!-- 主键生成策略:主键生成策略,就是每条记录录入时,主键的生成规则
identity:主键自增,又数据库来维护主键值,录入时不需要指定主键
increment:主键自增,由hibernate来维护,每次插入前会先查询表中id最大值加+1最为先主键(存在线程安全问题)
sequence:Oracle中的主键生成策略
hilo:高低位算法,主键自增,由hibernate来维护,开发不使用
native:hilo+sequence+identity ,三选一策略。如果自持主键自增就使用identity 如果支持Oracle则使用sequence...
uuid:产生随机字符串,主键类型必须是string类型
assigned:自然主键生成策略,hibernate不会管理主键值,由开发人员自己录入,如果不设置id 就会报错
-->
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
.....
hibernate实体对象的状态
三种状态:瞬时状态,持久化状态,游离状态
Configuration conf=new Configuration();
conf.configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer=new Customer();//没有id,没有与session关联
customer.setCust_name("jd");//瞬时状态
session.save(customer);//持久化状态,由id,有关联
transaction.commit();//提交
session.close();//游离|托管状态。有id。没关联
sessionFactory.close();
持久化状态的特点持久化对象的任何变化都会自动同步到数据库中
Configuration conf=new Configuration();
conf.configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
customer.setCust_name("tianmao");//这里没有设置update的操作,仍然修改了数据库
transaction.commit();//提交
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
hibernate一级缓存
Test
public void fun1() {
Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//这里这回进行一次的查询 session缓存了 id位2l的custion到内存中,第二次查询不会走数据库查询
Customer customer1 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
Customer customer2 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
Customer customer3 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
System.out.println(customer1==customer2);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
@Test
public void fun2() {
Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer1 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);//tianmao
customer1.setCust_name("jd");
customer1.setCust_name("tianmao");
//这里不会进行update操作,值进行了查询的sql
//seesion保存了查询出来后的快照,对比当时的快照是否发生变化同步到数据库
transaction.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
Hibernate的隔离级别设置
在主配置文件中
加入<!--指定hibernate操作数据库的隔离级别
1|2|4|8
1 读未提交(脏读,不可重复读,幻|虚读)
2 读已提交(不可重复读,幻|虚读)
4 课重复读(幻|虚读)
8 串行化(没有问题 但是效率太低)
--><property name="hibernate.connection.isolation">4</property>
调用获取当前线程中的session对象调用sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); 注意点需要在配置文件中声明,同时通过getCurrentSession方法获得到的session当事务提交时,session会自动关闭,不要手动close关闭
<!-- 指定session与当前线程绑定-->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
Hql查询
hql查询:HQL是Hibernate Query Language的简写,HQL采用面向对象的查询方式
Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); //书写HQL语句// String hql="from com.fmt.hibernate.Customer";// String hql="from Customer ";//查询所有Custom对象
/**
//查询id位2的
String hql="from Customer where cust_id =2";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
*/
/**
条件查询
String hql="from Customer where cust_id =?";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//query.setLong(0,2l);
query.setParameter(0,2l);//这个不用的参数做具体设置较为方便
*/
/**
命名查询
String hql="from Customer where cust_id =:cust_id";//冒号后面的字符串是setParamerter中的第一个参数
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setParameter("cust_id",2l);
*/
/**
分页查询
String hql="from Customer ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setFirstResult(1);//第几页
query.setMaxResults(3);//每次返回最大多少
*/
List<Customer> list = query.list();//返回list
System.out.print(list);// Object o = query.uniqueResult();//接受唯一的查询
//根据HQL语句创建查询对象
//根据查询对象获取查询结果
/**
//内链接
// String hql="from Customer c inner join c.linkMens";
// Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// List<Object[]> list = query.list();
// for (Object[] arr:list){
// System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
// }
//迫切内链接(与上述多了个fetch,同时query.list返回返现不在是Object[]),同理左外右外
// String hql="from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMens";
// Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// List<Customer> list = query.list();
// for (Customer arr:list){
// System.out.println(arr);
// }
*/
transaction.commit();
session.close();
Criteria查询
Criteria是一种比hql更面向对象的查询方式。Criteria 可使用 Criterion 和 Projection 设置查询条件
Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); /**
基本查询
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
*/
/**
* 条件查询
* HQL中,不可能出现任何数据库相关的信息
* > gt
* >= ge
* < lt
* <= le
* == eq
* != ne
* in in
* between and between
* like like
* is not null isNotNull
* is null isNull
* or or
* and and
//查询所有Customer
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
criteria.add(Restrictions.ne("cust_id",2l));//这里的ne就是Resctirction提供的方法
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
*/
/**
分页
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
criteria.setFirstResult(0);
criteria.setMaxResults(2);
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
*/
/**
聚合函数
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());//Projections
Long number = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
*/
System.out.println(list); /**
transaction.commit();
session.close();
//离线查询 @Test
public void fun5(){
//上层构建查询条件
DetachedCriteria dc=DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
dc.add(Restrictions.idEq(61));
//dao层代码基本不动
Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria executableCriteria = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);
List list = executableCriteria.list();
System.out.print(list);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
原生sql查询
Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String sql="select * from cst_customer";
SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
//因为查询查来的是有几行几行里面有几列
List<Object[]> list = sqlQuery.list();
for (Object[] objs:list){
for (Object o:objs){
System.out.println(o);
}
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); /**
条件查询
String sql="select * from cst_customer where cust_id =?";
SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
sqlQuery.setParameter(0,2l);
*/
/**
分页查询
String sql="select * from cst_customer limit ?,?";
SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
sqlQuery.setParameter(0,0);
sqlQuery.setParameter(1,1);
*/
//这里是给添加实体,查询后就会出该实体
sqlQuery.addEntity(Customer.class);
List list = sqlQuery.list();
System.out.print(list);
懒加载
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); /**
//立即获得
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
*/
/**
//返回一个代理对象 只有对对象使用了才会进行查询
Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class, 18l);
System.out.println(customer);//这里才会进行查询如果不操作对象,最后也不会进行数据查询
*/
//返回一个代理对象 如果当期对象呗使用了才会进行查询
Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class, 18l);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
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如果要关闭懒加载,建议是开启懒加载
在对象的xml表中配置
//lazy 是关闭懒加载这样load也是当即查询,默认是true
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" lazy="false">
懒加载注意事项,在懒加载的使用要调用懒加载出来的对象,确保seesion并未关闭!!
一对多,多对一
public classCustomer { /*
* CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
`cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
`cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
`cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
`cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
`cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
`cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
`cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
`cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long cust_id; private String cust_name; private String cust_source; private String cust_industry; private String cust_level; private String cust_linkman; private String cust_phone; private String cust_mobile; private Set<LinkMan> linkMens=new HashSet<>(); public Long getCust_id() { return cust_id;
} public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) { this.cust_id = cust_id;
} public String getCust_name() { return cust_name;
} public void setCust_name(String cust_name) { this.cust_name = cust_name;
} public String getCust_source() { return cust_source;
} public void setCust_source(String cust_source) { this.cust_source = cust_source;
} public String getCust_industry() { return cust_industry;
} public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) { this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
} public String getCust_level() { return cust_level;
} public void setCust_level(String cust_level) { this.cust_level = cust_level;
} public String getCust_linkman() { return cust_linkman;
} public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) { this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
} public String getCust_phone() { return cust_phone;
} public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) { this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
} public String getCust_mobile() { return cust_mobile;
} public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) { this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
} public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMens() { return linkMens;
} public void setLinkMens(Set<LinkMan> linkMens) { this.linkMens = linkMens;
}
@Override public String toString() { return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
}
}//联系人实体public class LinkMan { /*
* CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
`lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
`lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
`lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
`lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
`lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
`lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
`lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
`lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
`lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
`lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long lkm_id; private Character lkm_gender; private String lkm_name; private String lkm_phone; private String lkm_email; private String lkm_qq; private String lkm_mobile; private String lkm_memo; private String lkm_position; //表达多对一关系
private Customer customer ; //----------------------------------------------
//不与数据库中的列对应,只为了接收表单参数
private Long cust_id; public Long getCust_id() { return cust_id;
} public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) { this.cust_id = cust_id;
} public Customer getCustomer() { return customer;
} public void setCustomer(Customer customer) { this.customer = customer;
} public Long getLkm_id() { return lkm_id;
} public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) { this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
} public Character getLkm_gender() { return lkm_gender;
} public void setLkm_gender(Character lkm_gender) { this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
} public String getLkm_name() { return lkm_name;
} public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) { this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
} public String getLkm_phone() { return lkm_phone;
} public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) { this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
} public String getLkm_email() { return lkm_email;
} public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) { this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
} public String getLkm_qq() { return lkm_qq;
} public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) { this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
} public String getLkm_mobile() { return lkm_mobile;
} public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) { this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
} public String getLkm_memo() { return lkm_memo;
} public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) { this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
} public String getLkm_position() { return lkm_position;
} public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) { this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
}
}
在原先的hibernate.cfg.xml
在添加 <mapping resource="com/fmt/hibernate/LinkMan.cfg.xml"/>修改原先的Customer.cfg.xml
添加一对多的的配置 <!--集合,一对多关系,在配置文件中配置-->
<!--
name是添集合属性名
key元素 中column 填写外键列名
class属性 与我关联的对象完整类名
-->
<!--
级联操作:cascade
save-update:级联保存更新
delete:级联删除
all上述都有
-->
<set name="linkMens" cascade="save-update">
<!--指定外键列明-->
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="LinkMan"/>
</set>
同时配置LinkMan.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping package="com.fmt.hibernate">
<class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman" >
<id name="lkm_id" >
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="lkm_gender" ></property>
<property name="lkm_name" ></property>
<property name="lkm_phone" ></property>
<property name="lkm_email" ></property>
<property name="lkm_qq" ></property>
<property name="lkm_mobile" ></property>
<property name="lkm_memo" ></property>
<property name="lkm_position" ></property>
<!-- 多对1关系-->
<many-to-one name="customer" column="lkm_cust_id" class="Customer" cascade="save-update" >
</many-to-one>
</class></hibernate-mapping>
@Test
public void fun1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("阿里");
LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkm_name("马云1");
LinkMan linkMan1=new LinkMan();
linkMan1.setLkm_name("马云2");
customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan);
customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan1); /**
session.save(customer);
//这里没有添加保存linman对象是因为使用级联操作,在之前Customer的配置中,级联操作会顺带保存
// session.save(linkMan);
// session.save(linkMan1);
*/
/**
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkm_name("马云3");
customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan);
*/
/**
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 9l);
customer.getLinkMens().remove(linkMan);
//如果不调用delete 在数据库id为9的linman还存在,但是指向Customer外键为null
//session.delete(linkMan);
如果需要删除customer 同时删除linkman 在linkman的配置文件中也添加级联操作
*/
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
Inverse 属性
http://blog.csdn.net/lzgs_4/article/details/45844045(这篇讲的比较通俗易懂)
多对多操作
//角色对象public class Role { /*
*
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
`role_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`role_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
`role_memo` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long role_id; private String role_name; private String role_memo; //表达多对多
private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>(); public Long getRole_id() { return role_id;
} public void setRole_id(Long role_id) { this.role_id = role_id;
} public String getRole_name() { return role_name;
} public void setRole_name(String role_name) { this.role_name = role_name;
} public String getRole_memo() { return role_memo;
} public void setRole_memo(String role_memo) { this.role_memo = role_memo;
} public Set<User> getUsers() { return users;
} public void setUsers(Set<User> users) { this.users = users;
}
}public class User { /*
* CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
`user_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户id',
`user_code` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户账号',
`user_name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
`user_password` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
`user_state` char(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '1:正常,0:暂停',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long user_id; private String user_code; private String user_name; private String user_password; private Character user_state; //表达多对多
private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<Role>(); public Long getUser_id() { return user_id;
} public void setUser_id(Long user_id) { this.user_id = user_id;
} public String getUser_code() { return user_code;
} public void setUser_code(String user_code) { this.user_code = user_code;
} public String getUser_name() { return user_name;
} public void setUser_name(String user_name) { this.user_name = user_name;
} public String getUser_password() { return user_password;
} public void setUser_password(String user_password) { this.user_password = user_password;
} public Character getUser_state() { return user_state;
} public void setUser_state(Character user_state) { this.user_state = user_state;
} public Set<Role> getRoles() { return roles;
} public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) { this.roles = roles;
}
}
User和Role的配置文件里 set内容是几乎是镜像的
在User的配置文件中配置 <!-- 多对多关系表达
name:集合属性名
table:配置中间表名
key
-column:外键,别人引用“我的”外键
class:我与那个类是多对多关系
column:外键,我引用别人的外键列明
--><set name="roles" table="sys_user_role" cascade="save-update">
<key column="user_id"></key>
<many-to-many class="Role" column="role_id"></many-to-many>
</set>在Role的配置文件中配置 <!-- 使用inverse属性
true:放弃维护外键关系
结论:将来在开发中,如果遇到多对多关系,一定要选择一方放弃关系
一般谁来放弃看业务方向,例如录入员工时,需要为员工指定所属角色,
那么业务方向就是由员工维护,角色不需要维护员工-->
<set name="users" table="sys_user_role" inverse="true">
<key column="role_id"></key>
<many-to-many class="User" column="user_id"></many-to-many>
</set>
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); /**
如果不设置inverse属性会报错查看上面配置
User u1=new User();
u1.setUser_name("小明");
User u2=new User();
u2.setUser_name("小红");
Role r1=new Role();
r1.setRole_name("保洁");
Role r2=new Role();
r2.setRole_name("教师");
//用户表达关系
u1.getRoles().add(r1);
u1.getRoles().add(r2);
u2.getRoles().add(r1);
u2.getRoles().add(r2);
//角色表达关系(如果配置了invser下面r1,r2的操作可以不用操作)
r1.getUsers().add(u1);
r1.getUsers().add(u2);
r2.getUsers().add(u1);
r2.getUsers().add(u2);
session.save(u1);
session.save(u2);
session.save(r1);
session.save(r2);
*/
/**
//新增角色
User user = session.get(User.class, 13l);
Role role = new Role();
role.setRole_name("运动员");
user.getRoles().add(role);
//用不用可以根据是否已经设置了联级属性
// session.save(role);
*/
/**
//删除角色
User user = session.get(User.class, 13l);
Role role1 = session.get(Role.class, 11l);
Role role2 = session.get(Role.class, 12l);
user.getRoles().remove(role1);
user.getRoles().remove(role2);
*/
transaction.commit();
session.close();
在一对多的关联中,在一的一方设置inverse=”true”让多的一方来维护关联关系更有助于优化,因为可以减少执行update语句
关联查询中的懒加载
http://blog.csdn.net/csdn_gia/article/details/54694910(案例充足)
批量抓取
<!--
batch-size:每次抓取数据4条
-->
<set name="linkMens" batch-size="4">
<!--指定外键列明-->
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="LinkMan"/>
</set>
List<Customer> list = query.list();
for (Customer c:list)
{ //如果不设置批量抓取,每次都会查询,根据需求设置batch-size
System.out.println(c.getLinkMens());
}
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