Linuxϵͳѧϰ֮ Ò»£ºÐÂÊÖ±ØÐëÕÆÎÕµÄLinuxÃüÁî1

2018-10-03 17:56:44À´Ô´£º²©¿ÍÔ° ÔĶÁ ()

ÐÂÀÏ¿Í»§´ó»ØÀ¡,ÔÆ·þÎñÆ÷µÍÖÁ5ÕÛ

2018-10-03 16:04:12

Ò»¡¢³£ÓÃϵͳ¹¤×÷ÃüÁî


 

1¡¢wget ÃüÁî

×÷ÓãºÓÃÓÚÔÚÖÕ¶ËÖÐÏÂÔØÍøÂçÎļþ¡£

¸ñʽ£ºwget [²ÎÊý] ÏÂÔصØÖ·

²ÎÊý¼°×÷Óãº

-b : ºǫ́ÏÂÔØģʽ

-d£ºÏÔʾµ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢

-N£º¸Ã²ÎÊýÖ¸¶¨wgetÖ»ÏÂÔظüеÄÎļþ

-S£ºÏÔʾ·þÎñÆ÷ÏìÓ¦

-P£ºÏÂÔص½Ö¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼

-t£º×î´ó³¢ÊÔ´ÎÊý

-c£º¶ÏµãÐø´«

-p£ºÏÂÔØÒ³ÃæÄÚËùÓÐ×ÊÔ´£¬°üÀ¨Í¼Æ¬¡¢ÊÓƵµÈ

-r£ºµÝ¹éÏÂÔØ

-T timeout£º³¬Ê±Ê±¼äÉèÖ㨵¥Î»Ã룩

-w time£ºÖØÊÔÑÓʱ£¨µ¥Î»Ã룩

-Q quota=number £ºÖØÊÔ´ÎÊý

-nc£º²»¸²¸ÇÒÑÓеÄÎļþ

-nd£º²»ÏÂÔØĿ¼½á¹¹£¬°Ñ´Ó·þÎñÆ÷ËùÓÐÖ¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÔصÄÎļþ¶¼¶Ñµ½µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Àï

-nH£º²»´´½¨ÒÔÄ¿±êÖ÷»úÓòÃûΪĿ¼ÃûµÄĿ¼£¬½«Ä¿±êÖ÷»úµÄĿ¼½á¹¹Ö±½Óϵ½µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂ

-np£ºÖ»ÏÂÔØÄ¿±êÕ¾µãÖ¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼¼°Æä×ÓĿ¼µÄÄÚÈÝ

-l [depth]£ºÏÂÔØÔ¶³Ì·þÎñÆ÷Ŀ¼½á¹¹µÄÉî¶È

 

2¡¢RPM£¨ºìñÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíÆ÷£©

RPM ÓеãÏñ Windows ϵͳÖеĿØÖÆÃæ°å£¬»á½¨Á¢Í³Ò»µÄÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþ£¬Ïêϸ¼Ç¼Èí¼þÐÅÏ¢²¢Äܹ»×Ô¶¯·ÖÎöÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£Ä¿Ç° RPM µÄÓÅÊÆÒѾ­±»¹«ÖÚËùÈÏ¿É£¬Ê¹Ó÷¶Î§Ò²ÒѲ»¾ÖÏÞÔÚºìñϵͳÖÐÁË¡£

³£¼ûµÄRPMÈí¼þ°üÃüÁî

rpm -ivh filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#°²×°Èí¼þµÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

rpm -Uvh filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#Éý¼¶Èí¼þµÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

rpm -e filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#жÔØÈí¼þµÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

rpm -qpi filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#²éѯÈí¼þÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢µÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

rpm -qpl filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#ÁгöÈí¼þÎļþÐÅÏ¢µÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

rpm -qf filename.rpm¡¡¡¡#²éѯÎļþÊôÓÚÄĸöRPMµÄÃüÁî¸ñʽ

 

3¡¢yumÃüÁî

yum repolist all¡¡¡¡#ÁгöËùÓвֿâ

yum list all¡¡¡¡#Áгö²Ö¿âÖÐËùÓÐÈí¼þ°ü

yum info Èí¼þ°üÃû³Æ¡¡¡¡#²é¿´Èí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢

yum install Èí¼þ°üÃû³Æ¡¡¡¡#°²×°Èí¼þ°ü

yum reinstall Èí¼þ°üÃû³Æ¡¡¡¡#ÖØа²×°Èí¼þ°ü

yum update Èí¼þ°üÃû³Æ¡¡¡¡#Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü

yum remove Èí¼þ°ü¡¡¡¡#ÒƳýÈí¼þ°ü

yum clean all¡¡¡¡#Çå³ýËùÓвֿ⻺´æ

yum check-update¡¡¡¡#¼ì²é¿Î¸üеÄÈí¼þ°ü

yum grouplist¡¡¡¡#²é¿´ÏµÍ³ÖÐÒѾ­°²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü×é

yum groupinstall Èí¼þ°ü×é¡¡¡¡#°²×°Ö¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þ°ü×é

yum groupremove Èí¼þ°ü×é¡¡¡¡#ÒƳýÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þ°ü×é

yum groupinfo Èí¼þ°ü×é¡¡¡¡#²éѯָ¶¨µÄÈí¼þ°ü×éÐÅÏ¢

 

4¡¢ps ÃüÁî

PSÃüÁîÓÃÓڲ鿴ϵͳÖеĽø³Ì״̬£¬¸ñʽΪ ps [²ÎÊý]¡£

-a£ºÏÔʾËùÓнø³Ì£¨°üÀ¨ÆäËûÓû§µÄ½ø³Ì£©

-u£ºÓû§ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûÏêϸÐÅÏ¢

-x£ºÏÔʾûÓпØÖÆÖն˵Ľø³Ì

ÔÚLinuxϵͳÖУ¬ÓÐ5ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ½ø³Ì״̬£¬·Ö±ðΪÔËÐС¢Öжϡ¢²»¿ÉÖжϡ¢½©ËÀÓëÍ£Ö¹£¬Æä¸÷×Ôº¬ÒåÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

R£¨ÔËÐУ©£º½ø³ÌÕýÔÚÔËÐлòÔÚÔËÐжÓÁÐÖеȴý¡£

S£¨Öжϣ©£º½ø³Ì´¦ÓÚÐÝÃßÖУ¬µ±Ä³¸öÌõ¼þÐγɺó»òÕßÊÕµ½ÐźÅʱ£¬ÔòÍÑÀë¸Ã״̬¡£

D£¨²»¿ÉÖжϣ©£º½ø³Ì²»ÏìӦϵͳÒì²½Ðźţ¬¼´Ê¹ÓÃkillÃüÁîÒ²²»Äܽ«ÆäÖжϡ£

Z£¨½©ËÀ£©£º½ø³ÌÒѾ­ÖÕÖ¹£¬µ«½ø³ÌÃèÊö·ûÒÀÈ»´æÔÚ£¬Ö±µ½¸¸½ø³Ìµ÷ÓÃwait4()ϵͳº¯Êýºó½«½ø³ÌÊÍ·Å¡£

T£¨Í£Ö¹£©£º½ø³ÌÊÕµ½Í£Ö¹ÐźźóÍ£Ö¹ÔËÐС£

 

5¡¢top ÃüÁî

topÃüÁîÓÃÓÚ¶¯Ì¬µØ¼àÊÓ½ø³Ì»î¶¯Óëϵͳ¸ºÔصÈÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪtop¡£

topÃüÁîÏ൱ǿ´ó£¬Äܹ»¶¯Ì¬µØ²é¿´ÏµÍ³ÔËά״̬£¬ÍêÈ«¿É½«Ëü¿´×÷LinuxÖеġ°Ç¿»¯°æµÄWindowsÈÎÎñ¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡±¡£topÃüÁîµÄÔËÐнçÃæÈçÏÂͼʾ£º

ÉÏͼÖУ¬topÃüÁîÖ´Ðнá¹ûµÄÇ°5ÐÐΪϵͳÕûÌåµÄͳ¼ÆÐÅÏ¢£¬Æä´ú±íµÄº¬ÒåÈçÏ£º

µÚ1ÐУºÏµÍ³Ê±¼ä¡¢ÔËÐÐʱ¼ä¡¢µÇ¼ÖÕ¶ËÊý¡¢ÏµÍ³¸ºÔØ£¨Èý¸öÊýÖµ·Ö±ðΪ1·ÖÖÓ¡¢5·ÖÖÓ¡¢15·ÖÖÓÄÚµÄƽ¾ùÖµ£¬ÊýֵԽСÒâζןºÔØÔ½µÍ£©¡£

µÚ2ÐУº½ø³Ì×ÜÊý¡¢ÔËÐÐÖеĽø³ÌÊý¡¢Ë¯ÃßÖеĽø³ÌÊý¡¢Í£Ö¹µÄ½ø³ÌÊý¡¢½©ËÀµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¡£

µÚ3ÐУºÓû§Õ¼ÓÃ×ÊÔ´°Ù·Ö±È¡¢ÏµÍ³ÄÚºËÕ¼ÓÃ×ÊÔ´°Ù·Ö±È¡¢¸Ä±ä¹ýÓÅÏȼ¶µÄ½ø³Ì×ÊÔ´°Ù·Ö±È¡¢¿ÕÏеÄ×ÊÔ´°Ù·Ö±ÈµÈ¡£

µÚ4ÐУºÎïÁ÷ÄÚ´æ×ÜÊý¡¢ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÁ¿¡¢ÄÚ´æ¿ÕÏÐÁ¿¡¢×÷ΪÄں˻º´æµÄ ÄÚ´æÁ¿¡£

µÚ5ÐУºÐéÄâÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿¡¢ÐéÄâÄÚ´æʹÓÃÁ¿¡¢ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ¿ÕÏÐÁ¿¡¢Òѱ»ÌáÇ°¼ÓÔصÄÄÚ´æÁ¿¡£

 

6¡¢pidof ÃüÁî

pidofÃüÁîÓÃÓÚ²éѯij¸öÖ¸¶¨·þÎñ½ø³ÌµÄPIDÖµ£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°pifof [²ÎÊý] [·þÎñÃû³Æ]¡±¡£

1 [root@rhel_10 ~]# pidof sshd
2 36764 1588
3 
4 [root@rhel_10 ~]# ps -aux | grep sshd
5 root 1588 0.0 0.1 82956 3600 ? Ss 14:10 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
6 root 36764 0.0 0.2 136012 5376 ? Ss 17:36 0:02 sshd: root@pts/2
7 root 40539 0.0 0.0 112640 976 pts/2 R+ 22:31 0:00 grep --color=auto sshd

 

7¡¢killÃüÁî

killÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÖÕֹij¸öÖ¸¶¨PIDµÄ·þÎñ½ø³Ì£¬¸ñʽΪkill [²ÎÊý] [½ø³ÌPID]¡£

8¡¢killallÃüÁî

killallÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÖÕֹij¸öÖ¸¶¨Ãû³ÆµÄ·þÎñËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈ«²¿½ø³Ì£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°killall [²ÎÊý] [½ø³ÌÃû³Æ]¡±¡£

 

¶þ¡¢ÏµÍ³×´Ì¬¼ì²âÃüÁî


 ½ÓÏÂÀ´Öð¸ö½²½âÓëÍø¿¨ÍøÂ硢ϵͳÄںˡ¢ÏµÍ³¸ºÔØ¡¢ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÇé¿ö¡¢µ±Ç°ÆôÓÃÖÕ¶ËÊýÁ¿¡¢ÀúÊ·µÇ¼¼Ç¼¡¢ÃüÁîÖ´ÐмǼÒÔ¼°¾ÈÔ®Õï¶ÏµÈÏà¹ØÃüÁîµÄʹÓ÷½·¨£¬ÕâЩÃüÁ³¬¼¶ÊµÓá£

1¡¢ifconfigÃüÁî

ifconfigÃüÁîÓÃÓÚ»ñÈ¡Íø¿¨ÅäÖÃÓëÍøÂç״̬µÈÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°ifconfig [ÍøÂçÉ豸] [²ÎÊý]¡±¡£

ʹÓÃifconfigÃüÁîÆäʵÖ÷ÒªÊDz鿴Íø¿¨Ãû³Æ¡¢inet²ÎÊýºóµÄIPµØÖ·¡¢ether²ÎÊýºóÃæµÄÍø¿¨ÎïÀíµØÖ·£¨ÓÖ³ÆMACµØÖ·£©ÒÔ¼°RX¡¢TXµÄ½ÓÊÕÊý¾Ý°üÓë·¢ËÍÊý¾Ý°üµÄ¸öÊý¼°ÀÛ¼ÆÁ÷Á¿£º

 1 [root@centos110 ~]# ifconfig
 2 ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
 3         inet 192.168.1.110  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
 4         inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:b39f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
 5         ether 00:0c:29:5f:b3:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
 6         RX packets 4183  bytes 415355 (405.6 KiB)
 7         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
 8         TX packets 941  bytes 81789 (79.8 KiB)
 9         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
10 
11 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
12         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
13         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
14         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
15         RX packets 72  bytes 8088 (7.8 KiB)
16         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
17         TX packets 72  bytes 8088 (7.8 KiB)
18         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

 2¡¢unameÃüÁî

unameÃüÁîÓÃÓڲ鿴ϵͳÄÚºËÓëϵͳ°æ±¾µÈÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°uname [-a]¡±¡£

ÔÚʹÓÃunameÃüÁîʱ£¬Ò»°ã»á¹Ì¶¨´îÅäÉÏ -a ²ÎÊýÀ´ÍêÕûµØ²é¿´µ±Ç°ÏµÍ³µÄÄÚºËÃû³Æ¡¢Ö÷»úÃû¡¢Äں˷¢Ðа汾¡¢½ÚµãÃû¡¢ÏµÍ³Ê±¼ä¡¢Ó²¼þÃû³Æ¡¢Ó²¼þƽ̨¡¢´¦ÀíÆ÷ÀàÐÍÒÔ¼°²Ù×÷ϵͳÃû³ÆµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£

1 [root@centos110 ~]# uname -a
2 Linux centos110 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

²é¿´µ±Ç°ÏµÍ³°æ±¾µÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬ÐèÒª²é¿´redhat-releaseÎļþ£¬ÃüÁî¼°ÏàÓ¦µÄ½á¹ûÈçÏ£º

1 [root@centos110 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
2 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

 

3¡¢uptimeÃüÁî

×÷Ó㺲鿴ϵͳµÄ¸ºÔØÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪuptime¡£

uptimeÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾµ±Ç°ÏµÍ³Ê±¼ä¡¢ÏµÍ³ÒÑÔËÐÐʱ¼ä¡¢ÆôÓÃÖÕ¶ËÊýÁ¿ÒÔ¼°Æ½¾ù¸ºÔØÖµµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£

ƽ¾ù¸ºÔØÖµÖ¸µÄÊÇϵͳÔÚ×î½ü1·ÖÖÓ¡¢5·ÖÖÓ¡¢15·ÖÖÓÄÚµÄѹÁ¦Çé¿ö£»

¸ºÔØÖµÔ½µÍÔ½ºÃ£¬¾¡Á¿²»Òª³¤ÆÚ³¬¹ý1£¬ÔÚÉú²ú»·¾³Öв»Òª³¬¹ý5¡£

1 [root@centos110 ~]# uptime
2  14:04:46 up  4:35,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

 

4¡¢freeÃüÁî

×÷ÓãºÏÔʾµ±Ç°ÏµÍ³ÖÐÄÚ´æµÄʹÓÃÁ¿ÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°free [-h]¡±¡£

Ϊ±£Ö¤Linuxϵͳ²»»áÒò×ÊÔ´ºÄ¾¡¶øͻȻ崻ú£¬ÔËάÈËÔ±ÐèҪʱ¿Ì¹Ø×¢ÄÚ´æµÄʹÓÃÁ¿¡£

1 [root@centos110 ~]# free -h
ÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿ ÒÑÓÃÁ¿ ¿ÉÓÃÁ¿ ½ø³Ì¹²ÏíµÄ Ó²ÅÌ»º´æµÄ ¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æÁ¿
ÄÚ´æÁ¿ ÄÚ´æÁ¿
2 total used free shared buff/cache available 3 Mem: 1.9G 742M 755M 10M 484M 1.0G 4 Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G

 

5¡¢whoÃüÁî

×÷Ó㺲鿴µ±Ç°µÇÈëÖ÷»úµÄÓû§ÖÕ¶ËÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°who [²ÎÊý]¡±¡£

whoÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔ¿ìËÙÏÔʾ³öËùÓÐÕýÔڵǽ±¾»úµÄÓû§µÄÃû³Æ¼°ËûÃÇÕýÔÚ¿ªÆôµÄÖÕ¶ËÐÅÏ¢¡£

1 [root@centos110 ~]# who
µÇ½Óû§Ãû ÖÕ¶ËÉ豸 µÇ½µ½ÏµÍ³µÄʱ¼ä
2 root :0 2018-10-03 09:56 (:0) 3 root pts/0 2018-10-03 09:56 (192.168.1.118)

 

6¡¢lastÃüÁî

×÷Ó㺲鿴ËùÓÐϵͳµÄµÇ½¼Ç¼£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°last [²ÎÊý]¡±¡£

±¾»úµÄµÇ½ÐÅÏ¢ÒÔÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄÐÎʽ±£´æÔÚϵͳÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔºÜÈÝÒ×½øÐÐÐ޸ġ£

ǧÍò²»Òªµ¥´¿ÒÔ¸ÃÃüÁîµÄÊä³öÐÅÏ¢¶øÅжÏϵͳÓÐÎÞ±»¶ñÒâÈëÇÖ£¡

 1 [root@centos110 ~]# last
 2 root     pts/0        192.168.1.118    Wed Oct  3 09:56   still logged in   
 3 root     :0           :0               Wed Oct  3 09:56   still logged in   
 4 reboot   system boot  3.10.0-862.14.4. Wed Oct  3 09:29 - 14:18  (04:49)    
 5 reboot   system boot  3.10.0-862.el7.x Wed Oct  3 09:14 - 14:18  (05:04)    
 6 root     pts/3        192.168.1.118    Tue Oct  2 17:40 - 00:05  (06:25)    
 7 root     pts/2        :0               Tue Oct  2 17:39 - 09:12  (15:32)    
 8 root     pts/1        192.168.1.118    Tue Oct  2 16:54 - 19:37  (02:42)    
 9 root     pts/0        192.168.1.118    Tue Oct  2 15:38 - 19:34  (03:55)    
10 root     pts/0        192.168.1.118    Tue Oct  2 12:05 - 15:38  (03:33)    
11 root     :0           :0               Tue Oct  2 12:04 - 09:12  (21:07)    
12 reboot   system boot  3.10.0-862.el7.x Tue Oct  2 11:56 - 14:18 (1+02:22)   

 

7¡¢historyÃüÁî

×÷ÓãºÏÔʾÀúÊ·Ö´ÐйýµÄÃüÁ¸ñʽΪ¡°history [-c]¡±¡£

ĬÈÏÏÔʾ³öµ±Ç°Óû§ÔÚ±¾µØ¼ÆËã»úÖÐÖ´ÐйýµÄ×î½ü1000ÌõÃüÁî¼Ç¼¡£

Èç¹û¾õµÃ1000²»¹»Ó㬿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¨Òå/etc/profileÎļþÖеÄHISTSIZE±äÁ¿Öµ¡£

²ÎÊý -c £º Çå³ýËùÓеÄÃüÁîÀúÊ·¼Ç¼¡£

¡°£¡±àÂëÊý×Ö¡±£ºÖظ´Ö´ÐÐijһ´ÎµÄÃüÁî¡£

ÀúÊ·ÃüÁî»á±»±£´æµ½Óû§¼ÒĿ¼ÖеĠ.bash_history Òþ²ØÎļþÖУ¬¿ÉÓÃcatÃüÁî²é¿´¡£

 

8¡¢sosreport ÃüÁ¼ÇΪsos-report£©

×÷ÓãºÊÕ¼¯ÏµÍ³ÅäÖü°¼Ü¹¹ÐÅÏ¢²¢Êä³öÕï¶ÏÎĵµ£¬¸ñʽΪsosreport¡£

[root@centos110 ~]# sosreport

sosreport (version 3.5)

This command will collect diagnostic and configuration information from
this CentOS Linux system and installed applications.

An archive containing the collected information will be generated in
/var/tmp/sos.cx0Fud and may be provided to a CentOS support
representative.

Any information provided to CentOS will be treated in accordance with
the published support policies at:

  https://wiki.centos.org/

The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its
content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being
passed to any third party.

No changes will be made to system configuration.

Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit. ´Ë´¦µ¥»÷»Ø³µ¼üÈ·ÈÏÊÕ¼¯ÐÅÏ¢

Please enter your first initial and last name [centos110]:´Ë´¦µ¥»÷»Ø³µ¼üÈ·ÈÏÖ÷»ú±àºÅ
Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []:´Ë´¦µ¥»÷»Ø³µ¼üÀ´È·ÈÏÖ÷»ú±àºÅ

  Setting up archive ...
  Setting up plugins ...
  Running plugins. Please wait ...

  Running 97/97: yum...
  Creating compressed archive...

  Your sosreport has been generated and saved in:
  /var/tmp/sosreport-centos110-20181003144212.tar.xz

  The checksum is: fe27be034c15d8a9eba22b3e3e30f0cc

  Please send this file to your support representative.

[root@centos110 sosreport-centos110-20181003144212]# pwd
/var/tmp/sosreport-centos110-20181003144212
[root@centos110 sosreport-centos110-20181003144212]# ls
boot       dmidecode  installed-rpms  lib          lspci    ps      sos_commands  sys     var
chkconfig  etc        ip_addr         lsb-release  mount    pstree  sos_logs      uname   version.txt
date       free       java            lsmod        netstat  root    sos_reports   uptime  vgdisplay
df         hostname   last            lsof         proc     route   sos_strings   usr

 

Èý¡¢Îı¾Îļþ±à¼­ÃüÁî


 

1¡¢catÃüÁî

ÓÃÓڲ鿴´¿Îı¾Îļþ£¨ÄÚÈݽÏÉٵģ©£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°cat [Ñ¡Ïî] [Îļþ]¡±¡£

-n£º²é¿´Îı¾ÄÚÈÝʱÏÔʾÐкš£

2¡¢moreÃüÁî

ÓÃÓڲ鿴´¿Îı¾Îļþ£¨ÄÚÈݽ϶àµÄ£©£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°more [Ñ¡Ïî] Îļþ¡±¡£

3¡¢headÃüÁî

ÓÃÓڲ鿴´¿Îı¾ÎĵµµÄÇ°nÐУ¬¸ñʽΪ¡°head [Ñ¡Ïî] [Îļþ]¡±¡£

-n£ºÄ¬Èϲ鿴ǰ10ÐÐ

[root@centos110 ~]# head -n 20 initial-setup-ks.cfg #²é¿´Ç°20ÐÐÄÚÈÝ
#version=DEVEL
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig  --startxonboot
# License agreement
eula --agreed
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8 --addsupport=zh_CN.UTF-8

 

4¡¢tailÃüÁî

²é¿´´¿Îı¾ÎĵµµÄºóNÐлò³ÖÐøË¢ÐÂÄÚÈÝ£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°tail [Ñ¡Ïî] [Îļþ]¡±¡£

[root@centos110 ~]# tail -n 10 initial-setup-ks.cfg  #²é¿´ÎĵµµÄºó10ÐÐÄÚÈÝ
%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb=128M
%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

ÏëҪʵʱ²é¿´×îÐÂÈÕÖ¾Îļþʱ£¬Ê¹Óá°tail -f ÎļþÃû¡±¡£

[root@centos110 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Oct  3 14:45:02 centos110 systemd: Started Session 61 of user root.
Oct  3 14:45:02 centos110 systemd: Starting Session 61 of user root.
Oct  3 14:50:01 centos110 systemd: Started Session 62 of user root.
Oct  3 14:50:01 centos110 systemd: Starting Session 62 of user root.
Oct  3 15:00:01 centos110 systemd: Started Session 64 of user root.
Oct  3 15:00:01 centos110 systemd: Starting Session 64 of user root.
Oct  3 15:00:01 centos110 systemd: Started Session 63 of user root.

 

5¡¢tr ÃüÁî

tr ÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÌæ»»Îı¾ÎļþÖеÄ×Ö·û£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°tr [ԭʼ×Ö·û]  [Ä¿±ê×Ö·û]¡±¡£

°Ñij¸öÎı¾ÄÚÈÝÖеÄÓ¢ÎÄÈ«²¿Ì滻Ϊ´óд£º

[root@centos110 ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg | tr [a-z] [A-Z]
#VERSION=DEVEL
# SYSTEM AUTHORIZATION INFORMATION
AUTH --ENABLESHADOW --PASSALGO=SHA512
# USE CDROM INSTALLATION MEDIA
CDROM
# USE GRAPHICAL INSTALL
GRAPHICAL
# RUN THE SETUP AGENT ON FIRST BOOT
FIRSTBOOT --ENABLE
IGNOREDISK --ONLY-USE=SDA
# KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
KEYBOARD --VCKEYMAP=US --XLAYOUTS='US'
# SYSTEM LANGUAGE
LANG EN_US.UTF-8 --ADDSUPPORT=ZH_CN.UTF-8

# NETWORK INFORMATION
NETWORK  --BOOTPROTO=DHCP --DEVICE=ENS33 --IPV6=AUTO --ACTIVATE
NETWORK  --HOSTNAME=LOCALHOST.LOCALDOMAIN

# ROOT PASSWORD
ROOTPW --ISCRYPTED $6$PRYAXLTWB.T81ZGW$DESITA1QMAYTL/TPSMXDP9HESK9PB8VQTBPMSVURB4GP2XPH9CRAN8NRRPWNBMHT4MIH4NT7SCLEXBN2HRI5Y0
# SYSTEM SERVICES
SERVICES --DISABLED="CHRONYD"
# SYSTEM TIMEZONE
TIMEZONE ASIA/SHANGHAI --ISUTC --NONTP
# X WINDOW SYSTEM CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
XCONFIG  --STARTXONBOOT
# SYSTEM BOOTLOADER CONFIGURATION
BOOTLOADER --LOCATION=MBR --BOOT-DRIVE=SDA
# PARTITION CLEARING INFORMATION
CLEARPART --NONE --INITLABEL
# DISK PARTITIONING INFORMATION
PART /BOOT --FSTYPE="XFS" --ONDISK=SDA --SIZE=300
PART SWAP --FSTYPE="SWAP" --ONDISK=SDA --SIZE=2048
PART PV.969 --FSTYPE="LVMPV" --ONDISK=SDA --SIZE=15058
PART /VAR --FSTYPE="XFS" --ONDISK=SDA --SIZE=3072
VOLGROUP CENTOS --PESIZE=4096 PV.969
LOGVOL /  --FSTYPE="XFS" --SIZE=15056 --NAME=ROOT --VGNAME=CENTOS

%PACKAGES
@^GRAPHICAL-SERVER-ENVIRONMENT
@BASE
@CORE
@DESKTOP-DEBUGGING
@DEVELOPMENT
@DIAL-UP
@FONTS
@GNOME-DESKTOP
@GUEST-AGENTS
@GUEST-DESKTOP-AGENTS
@HARDWARE-MONITORING
@INPUT-METHODS
@INTERNET-BROWSER
@MULTIMEDIA
@PRINT-CLIENT
@X11

%END

%ADDON COM_REDHAT_KDUMP --DISABLE --RESERVE-MB='128M'

%END

%ANACONDA
PWPOLICY ROOT --MINLEN=6 --MINQUALITY=1 --NOTSTRICT --NOCHANGES --NOTEMPTY
PWPOLICY USER --MINLEN=6 --MINQUALITY=1 --NOTSTRICT --NOCHANGES --EMPTYOK
PWPOLICY LUKS --MINLEN=6 --MINQUALITY=1 --NOTSTRICT --NOCHANGES --NOTEMPTY
%END

 

6¡¢wc ÃüÁî

ÓÃÓÚͳ¼ÆÖ¸¶¨Îı¾µÄÐÐÊý¡¢×ÖÊý¡¢×Ö½ÚÊý£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°wc [²ÎÊý] Îı¾¡±¡£

wc ²ÎÊý£º
-l£ºÖ»ÏÔʾÐÐÊý
-w£ºÖ»ÏÔʾµ¥´ÊÊý
-c£ºÖ»ÏÔʾ×Ö½ÚÊý

ÔÚLinuxϵͳÖУ¬passwdÊÇÓÃÀ´±£´æϵͳÕË»§ÐÅÏ¢µÄÎļþ£¬ÒªÍ³¼Æµ±Ç°ÏµÍ³ÖÐÓжàÉÙ¸öÓû§£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁî½øÐвéѯ£º

[root@centos110 ~]# wc -l /etc/passwd
42 /etc/passwd 

 

7¡¢stat ÃüÁî

ÓÃÓڲ鿴ÎļþµÄ¾ßÌå´æ´¢ÐÅÏ¢ºÍʱ¼äµÈÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°stat ÎļþÃû³Æ¡±¡£

[root@centos110 ~]# stat anaconda-ks.cfg 
  File: ¡®anaconda-ks.cfg¡¯
  Size: 1828          Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 26145971    Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2018-10-03 14:42:14.819234069 +0800¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#¶Áȡʱ¼ä
Modify: 2018-09-23 15:42:17.364869932 +0800¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä
Change: 2018-09-23 15:42:17.364869932 +0800¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#¸ü¸Äʱ¼ä
 Birth: -

 

8¡¢cut ÃüÁî

ÓÃÓÚ°´¡°ÁС±ÌáÈ¡Îı¾×Ö·û£¬¸ñʽΪ¡°cut [²ÎÊý] Îı¾¡±¡£

ÔÚLinuxϵͳÖУ¬ÈçºÎ׼ȷµØÌáÈ¡³ö×îÏëÒªµÄÊý¾Ý£¬ÊÇÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÖصãѧϰµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£

°´ÁÐËÑË÷£¬²»½öҪʹÓà -f ²ÎÊýÀ´ÉèÖÃÐèÒª¿´µÄÁÐÊý£¬»¹ÐèҪʹÓà -d ²ÎÊýÀ´ÉèÖüä¸ô·ûºÅ£º

ʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÌáÈ¡³öpasswdÎļþÖеÄÓû§ÃûÐÅÏ¢£¬¼´ÌáÈ¡ÒÔðºÅ£¨£º£©Îª¼ä¸ô·ûºÅµÄµÚÒ»ÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

 1 [root@centos110 ~]# head -n 2 /etc/passwd
 2 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
 3 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
 4 
 5 [root@centos110 ~]# cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd
 6 root
 7 bin
 8 daemon
 9 adm
10 lp
11 sync
12 shutdown
13 halt
14 mail

 

9¡¢diff ÃüÁî

ÓÃÓڱȽ϶à¸öÎı¾ÎļþµÄ²îÒ죬¸ñʽΪ¡°diff [²ÎÊý] Îļþ¡±¡£

--brief£ºÅжÏÁ½¸öÎļþÊÇ·ñ²»Í¬

-c£ºÃèÊöÎļþÄÚÈݾßÌåµÄ²»Í¬µØ·½

[root@centos110 ~]# cat diff_A.txt
Welcome to linuxprobe.com
Red Hat certified
Free Linux Lessons
Professional guidance
Linux Course

[root@centos110 ~]# cat diff_B.txt
Welcome tooo linuxprobe.com

Red Hat certified
Free Linux LeSSonS
////////......///////
Professional guideance
Linux Course
[root@centos110 ~]# diff --brief diff_A.txt diff_B.txt¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ÅжÏÁ½¸öÎļþÊÇ·ñ²»Í¬
Files diff_A.txt and diff_B.txt differ
[root@centos110 ~]# diff -c diff_A.txt diff_B.txt¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ÃèÊöÎļþÄÚÈݾßÌåµÄ²»Í¬µØ·½
*** diff_A.txt    2018-10-03 15:46:43.434378118 +0800
--- diff_B.txt    2018-10-03 15:48:53.087375053 +0800
***************
*** 1,6 ****
! Welcome to linuxprobe.com
  Red Hat certified
! Free Linux Lessons
! Professional guidance
  Linux Course
- 
--- 1,7 ----
! Welcome tooo linuxprobe.com
! 
  Red Hat certified
! Free Linux LeSSonS
! ////////......///////
! Professional guideance
  Linux Course

 

±êÇ©£º

°æȨÉêÃ÷£º±¾Õ¾ÎÄÕ²¿·Ö×ÔÍøÂ磬ÈçÓÐÇÖȨ£¬ÇëÁªÏµ£ºwest999com@outlook.com
Ìرð×¢Ò⣺±¾Õ¾ËùÓÐתÔØÎÄÕÂÑÔÂÛ²»´ú±í±¾Õ¾¹Ûµã£¬±¾Õ¾ËùÌṩµÄÉãÓ°ÕÕƬ£¬²å»­£¬Éè¼Æ×÷Æ·£¬ÈçÐèʹÓã¬ÇëÓëÔ­×÷ÕßÁªÏµ£¬°æȨ¹éÔ­×÷ÕßËùÓÐ

ÉÏһƪ£ºCentOS°²×°Tomcat

ÏÂһƪ£ºÊ¹Óà seafile´î½¨Ë½ÓÐÔÆÅÌ