C++ Map快速入门
2018-07-20 来源:open-open
Map是一个关联性容器
map的存储类型是pair<const key,value>的类型
任何两个元素没有相同的key值
map是
1 、构造函数
map<const char*,int>
map<const char*,int,status>
其中status为Comparison类,定义key的排序顺序,也就定义了整个map的key->value对存储顺序
bool status(const char *s1, const char* s2)
{
return strcmp(s1,s2)<0;
}
2、 迭代器
map<const char *key,const char *value>::iterator it;
it -> first; //访问key
it -> second;//访问value
3、常用函数
find(class key)//查找指定的key,返回相应的迭代器位置,找不到则迭代器处于末尾
insert(pair<class key,class value>)//插入一个pair类型的数据
clear()//清空整个map的数据
empty()//判断map是否为空,返回bool类型值
begin()/rbgeion() // 返回迭代器指向第一个/最后一个元素位置
end()/rend( ) //返回最后一个元素下一个位置/第一个元素的下一个位置
4 示例代码
#include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { map<int,const char *> mymap; mymap[0] = "Jack"; mymap[1] = "Lucy"; mymap.insert(pair<int,const char *>(3,"Mike")); mymap.insert(pair<int,const char *>(4,"Lily")); cout<<"Use iterator"<<endl; map<int,const char*>::iterator it = mymap.begin(); while (it != mymap.end()) { cout<<it->first<<"->"<<it->second<<endl; it++; } cout<<"Use reverse_iterator"<<endl; map<int,const char*>::reverse_iterator reit = mymap.rbegin(); while (reit != mymap.rend()) { cout<<reit->first<<"->"<<reit->second<<endl; reit++; } it = mymap.find(1); if ( it != mymap.end()) { cout<<"use find(1):"<<it->second<<endl; >} else { cout<<"Cannot find(1)"<<endl; } mymap.clear(); mymap[5] = "New"; mymap[6] = "Temp"; cout<<"Current size"<<mymap.size()<<endl; }
5 所有关于map的函数如下
Member | Where defined | Description |
---|---|---|
key_type | Associative Container | map中的key类型 |
data_type | Pair Associative Container | key关联的值类型 |
value_type | Pair Associative Container | 对象类型, pair<const key_type, data_type>,存储在map中 |
key_compare | Sorted Associative Container | Function object 通过顺序比较 |
value_compare | Sorted Associative Container | Function object that compares two values for ordering. |
pointer | Container | Pointer to T. |
reference | Container | Reference to T |
const_reference | Container | Const reference to T |
size_type | Container | An unsigned integral type. |
difference_type | Container | A signed integral type. |
iterator | Container | Iterator used to iterate through a map. [1] |
const_iterator | Container | Const iterator used to iterate through a map. |
reverse_iterator | Reversible Container | Iterator used to iterate backwards through a map.[1] |
const_reverse_iterator | Reversible Container | Const iterator used to iterate backwards through amap. |
iterator begin() | Container | Returns an iterator pointing to the beginning of the map. |
iterator end() | Container | Returns an iterator pointing to the end of themap. |
const_iterator begin() const | Container | Returns a const_iterator pointing to the beginning of themap. |
const_iterator end() const | Container | Returns a const_iterator pointing to the end of the map. |
reverse_iterator rbegin() | Reversible Container | Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed map. |
reverse_iterator rend() | Reversible Container | Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed map. |
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const | Reversible Container | Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed map. |
const_reverse_iterator rend() const | Reversible Container | Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed map. |
size_type size() const | Container | Returns the size of the map. |
size_type max_size() const | Container | Returns the largest possible size of the map. |
bool empty() const | Container | true if the map's size is . |
key_compare key_comp() const | Sorted Associative Container | Returns the key_compare object used by the map. |
value_compare value_comp() const | Sorted Associative Container | Returns the value_compare object used by themap. |
map() | Container | Creates an empty map. |
map(const key_compare& comp) | Sorted Associative Container | Creates an empty map, using comp as thekey_compare object. |
template <class InputIterator> map(InputIterator f, InputIterator l) |
Unique Sorted Associative Container | Creates a map with a copy of a range. |
template <class InputIterator> map(InputIterator f, InputIterator l, const key_compare& comp) |
Unique Sorted Associative Container | Creates a map with a copy of a range, using compas thekey_compare object. |
map(const map&) | Container | The copy constructor. |
map& operator=(const map&) | Container | The assignment operator |
void swap(map&) | Container | Swaps the contents of two maps. |
pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& x) |
Unique Associative Container | Inserts x into the map. |
iterator insert(iterator pos, const value_type& x) |
Unique Sorted Associative Container | Inserts x into the map, using pos as a hint to where it will be inserted. |
template <class InputIterator> void insert(InputIterator, InputIterator) [2] |
Unique Sorted Associative Container | Inserts a range into the map. |
void erase(iterator pos) | Associative Container | Erases the element pointed to by pos. |
size_type erase(const key_type& k) | Associative Container | Erases the element whose key is k. |
void erase(iterator first, iterator last) | Associative Container | Erases all elements in a range. |
void clear() | Associative Container | Erases all of the elements. |
iterator find(const key_type& k) | Associative Container | Finds an element whose key is k. |
const_iterator find(const key_type& k) const | Associative Container | Finds an element whose key is k. |
size_type count(const key_type& k) | Unique Associative Container | Counts the number of elements whose key is k. |
iterator lower_bound(const key_type& k) | Sorted Associative Container | Finds the first element whose key is not less thank. |
const_iterator lower_bound(const key_type& k) const | Sorted Associative Container | Finds the first element whose key is not less thank. |
iterator upper_bound(const key_type& k) | Sorted Associative Container | Finds the first element whose key greater than k. |
const_iterator upper_bound(const key_type& k) const | Sorted Associative Container | Finds the first element whose key greater than k. |
pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& k) |
Sorted Associative Container | Finds a range containing all elements whose key is k. |
pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const key_type& k) const |
Sorted Associative Container | Finds a range containing all elements whose key is k. |
data_type& operator[](const key_type& k) [3] |
map | See below. |
bool operator==(const map&, const map&) |
Forward Container | Tests two maps for equality. This is a global function, not a member function. |
bool operator<(const map&, const map&) |
Forward Container | Lexicographical comparison. This is a global function, not a member function. |
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